In 2021, the U.S. and China, announced at the COP26 to cooperate and address the climate change crisis; the U.S. and China recalled their firm commitment to work together and urged other parties to strengthen the implementation of the Paris Agreement. Both countries encouraged all signatories and non-signatories to play their part in limiting emissions to address the global crisis, introducing and developing low-carbon solutions and new markets, as well as zero-carbon solutions, particularly in the power and transport sectors of all states. COP26 resulted in calls for collective efforts in financial, technical and capacity building support, in order to tackle climate change. Participating states have agreed to committing to same.

In 2021, Iraq was the latest country to ratify the Paris Agreement.

The essence of diplomacy is the willingness to participate even in regards to matters that may or may not have direct impacts on all participants. This can be supported by the fact that states participate in dialogue, interactions and by extension adhere to climate change targets set by the Paris Agreement. Adhering to same, may require a shift in participant’s developmental goals, which may result in minor or major disruptions in certain sectors. Nonetheless, said participation may propel developed, developing and underdeveloped states to participate in the Paris Agreement which results in meeting its set targets. The important thing is to participate, in order for majority if not all participants to benefits in the long run.

Human rights are inalienable, indivisible and interdependent rights that are inherent to all human beings, regardless of nationality, place of residence, ethnic origin, religion, color/any other status. Human rights can be traced back to the Covenant of the League of Nations (1919). However, by 1945, the establishment of the UN led to the beginning of fruitful progression in human rights. These included the protection of women and girls from the practice of female genital mutilation.