Legal action --- on penalizing alleged attackers is not yet visible, Vladimir. The module text mentions that the United States has "indicted" alleged attackers, not "convicted" them. This is an important point, since a legal proceeding in this case would be under US domestic laws, which will not apply to foreign nationals automatically. The need for international cooperation in legal prosecution of cyber attackers is becoming more visible with each passing day and each new attack.

Source author: Asoke Mukerji asokem@diplomacy.edu