Boris Knyazev of the University of Guelph in Ontario and his colleagues have designed and trained a “hypernetwork” — a kind of overlord of other neural networks — that could speed up the training process.

open standard, it is designed to be adopted by any software, device, or online platform as well as by regulatory bodies and government agencies to establish standards for digital provenance

C2PA specification will provide platforms with a method to define what information is associated with each type of asset (e.g., images, videos, audio, or documents), how that information is presented and stored, and how evidence of tampering can be identified

establishing the provenance of media is critical to ensure transparency, understanding, and trust

empowers content creators and editors worldwide to create tamper-evident media, by enabling them to selectively disclose information about who created or changed digital content and how it was altered

released version 1.0 of its technical specification for digital provenance

the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA)

concrete hope toward making these qubits compute

the MIT team’s new qubit appears to be extremely robust, able to maintain a superposition between two vibrational states, even in the midst of environmental noise, for up to 10 seconds.

many types of qubits, some of which are engineered and others that exist naturally

Where a classical bit in today’s computers carries out a series of logical operations starting from one of either two states, 0 or 1, a qubit can exist in a superposition of both states. While in this delicate in-between state, a qubit should be able to simultaneously communicate with many other qubits and process multiple streams of information at a time, to quickly solve problems that would take classical computers years to process.

such wobbly qubits could be a promising foundation for future quantum computers

when pairs of fermions are chilled and trapped in an optical lattice, the particles can exist simultaneously in two states — a weird quantum phenomenon known as superposition.

MIT physicists have discovered a new quantum bit, or “qubit,” in the form of vibrating pairs of atoms known as fermions.

Twist takes a big step towards making quantum programming easier by guaranteeing that the quantum bits in a pure piece of code cannot be altered by bits not in that cod

The scientists designed Twist to be expressive enough to write out programs for well-known quantum algorithms and identify bugs in their implementations.

understanding the meaning of a quantum program requires understanding the entanglement present in its data

Twist paves the way to languages that make the unique challenges of quantum computing more accessible to programmers

“Our language Twist allows a developer to write safer quantum programs by explicitly stating when a qubit must not be entangled with another,”

Twist can describe and verify which pieces of data are entangled in a quantum program, through a language a classical programmer can understand.

discarding one qubit without being mindful of its entanglement with another qubit can destroy the data stored in the other, jeopardizing the correctness of the program.

Twist is an MIT-developed programming language

"Entanglement forging essentially enables you to cut up a larger circuit into smaller circuits that we can execute on smaller hardware

Entanglement forging could markedly expand the computational power of quantum systems

Entanglement forging, it turns out, involves the use of a classical computer to capture quantum correlations and effectively split the problem in half, making it possible to separate the 10 spin-orbitals of the into two groups of five that could be processed separately. This doubles the size of the system that can be simulated on quantum hardware.

would speed technological innovation

bring even more vendors into the wireless industry, by allowing companies to hyperspecialize.

In its most ambitious version, Open RAN would split the RAN into smaller components beyond the radio and the baseband unit.

“Ericsson is probably in the party that's fighting back the most against Open RAN, because they will probably have the most to lose."

disaggregation

The surest way to avoid such a disaster is to stick with the same vendor from one end of the network to the other, thus avoiding any possibility of mismatched interfaces.

companies that can provide cutting-edge end-to-end networks. It's now just three: Ericsson, Nokia, and Huawei.

the tweaks primarily take the form of vendors defining radio parameters that were intentionally left blank in 3GPP standards for future development.

there is nothing preventing a vendor from “complementing" a standardized interface with additional proprietary techniques.

Unfortunately, the long and short of it is usually: the more qubits you have the more errors you get. The new research hopes to alleviate that by creating a new way to handle qubit operations, thus allowing gate-based quantum computer systems to scale.

each team was able to build a distinct, silicon-based, two-qubit quantum computing system capable of operating with greater than 99% accuracy

e are not seeing to splinter the internet

defected

defectio

incorporating diverse stakeholder views

While the initial call to action and the ultimate Alliance would consist of governments, ultimately the Alliance would also include a substantial multi-stakeholder component,

exceptions such as blocking illegal content and/or specified national security exemption

pen and interoperable access for software and apps

nondiscrimination among Alliance members in domestic regulation in the internet secto

a commitment to use only trustworthy providers for core information and communications technologies network infrastructure.

echnical and non-technical security standards

a plan to develop a charter of operational principles and commitments over the course of 2022 and 202

his year, Chinese researchers have produced more AI-related papers than any other nation, with the country having 27.68% of the global share of research papers in the field of AI and becoming the global lead in our Research in AI papers indicator, boosting its score in the Human Capital dimension.

Indonesia and Vietnam have both released na-tional AI strategies in the time since our 2020 index was compiled

This reflects the country’s Vision dimension score (it has a National AI Strategy), its commitment to addressing ethics in AI as shown in its Artificial Intelligence Governance Framework,

he country recently published its National AI Strategy with strategic priorities for the period 2021-2025.

In 2020, the Ethiopian Council of Min-isters established an artificial intelligence (AI) re-search and development centre.

Kenya has de-veloped an AI taskforce (consisting of 11 experts from relevant government agencies, the private sector, academia and other stakeholders)

Mauritius has developed an official National AI Strategy, which sets out a plan from 2018-2022 to guide progress in this area. Although South Africa is yet to launch a national AI strategy, it has established a Presidential Commission on Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Qatar and Saudi Arabia unveiled their National AI Strat-egies. Qatar’s National Artificial Intelligence Strat-egy focuses on six main pillars: education, data access, employment, business, research, and ethics. Additionally, the strategy aligns with the overarching Qatar National Vision 2030, which identifies artificial intelligence as a central compo-nent in the country’s transition from an oil-based economy to a knowledge-based economy. Simi-larly, Saudi Arabia released its National Data and Artificial Intelligence Strategy, with six goals

the largest range of scores

Ukraine, in fact, released its national AI strategy in Decem-ber 2021,

four new national AI strategies in Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Slovenia, Hungary, Latvia.

he number of AI and non-AI technology unicorns rise from 43 to 62 in the region

those countries in Western Europe who are not developing national AI strategies (Iceland and Switzerland) are not EU member states.

Italy has taken a similar approach with its three-year Strategic Program for Artificial Intel-ligence, released in November 2021,

the Caribbean Artificial Intelligence Initiative led by UNESCO, which seeks to create a sub-regional strategy on the responsible, inclusive and human adoption of AI in the Caribbean

In 2020, the Colombian government launched the National Policy for Digital Transformation (AI Strategy) and recently created an AI Task Force comprising government officials and sub-ject matter experts.

the fAIr initiative led by the

the launch of national AI frameworks by the governments of Chile and Brazil has been one of the main events in the subcontinent

The top four countries in the region (in order, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay

Latin America and the Caribbean had a region-al average score of 41.26 — the third lowest globally after the Middle East & North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.

China tops the Number of research papers published in AI, and the country outperformed the USA for the first time in 2020 in terms of the number of times an academic article on AI is cited by others.

Sub-Sa-haran Africa and Central & South Asia

evident divide within re-gions, with the greatest range of scores seen in East Asia and Middle East and North Africa

The index unearths clear inter-regional and in-tra-regional inequalities.

East Asian countries make up one quarter of the top 20 ranked coun-tries.

USA tops the global rankings, in large part thanks to the unrivalled size and maturity of its technology sector. Singapore ranks sec-ond as a result of its institutional strength and government digital capacity. The other countries in the top 5 are Western European (United King-dom, Finland, and the Netherlands)

now

The NSD outline delves into the interaction between the process of developing technical standards and driving forward technological innovation.

Why is the Chinese government pulling out all the stops on its standardization program in the current political climate?

Widening digital divide between high- and low-income households with greater long-run risks of human capital depreciation and intergenerational mobility for low-income households

exacerbated the digital divide between the haves and the have-nots as telecommuting opportunities and remote education have not been equally accessible by low-income households, hurting their long-run income prospects, including intergenerational mobility. The pandemic will likely further fuel the digitalization and automation that had been underway before the pandemic and may disproportionately affect low-skilled workers. Policies fostering financial inclusion are also critical for reducing the inequality of opportunities. Policies that focus on greater accessibility of financial services to low-income households have been shown to be important for sustainable and inclusive economic growth and development

olicies to foster equal access to technology and financial inclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has

The pandemic may accelerate a pre-existing global trend toward digitalization, automation and robotization, as firms increasingly seek to replace low-skilled workers with automated processe

The “digital divide” is exacerbated by less accessible high-speed internet and tele-commuting technologies for low-income households

side from the benefits, however, this may contribute to rising income inequality and form a long-term setback for intergenerational mobility and human capital accumulation among low-income households

the pandemic has exacerbated the digital divide as telecommuting opportunities and remote education have not been equally accessible by low-income households.

Investing in digital infrastructure and technological diffusion is also key, as it enables better access to jobs, finance, and schooling during crises. To this end, policies need to be geared to ensuring that firms can leverage the COVID-19 digital dividend, including through the provision of training for small firms and policies that support e-commerce, fintech, and business-to-business digital technologies. Enhancing regula-tory frameworks that favor innovation and competition in the telecommunications market is also important

To cement productivity gains related to the accelerated adoption of digital technologies, policy makers can foster competition among digital firms including by reducing barriers to entry.

rapid adoption of digital financial technologies could reduce financing costs and expand access to credit among small- and medium-sized firms

faster pace of technological diffusion across firms and countrie

Global growth could also benefit from a prolonged period of accelerated technological change, which may, over time, become a positive side-effect of the pandemic. Many corporations were forced to innovate in order to survive the initial pandemic shock, rapidly adopting new digital technologies and shifting some of their business activities online. If sustained, the acceleration of digitalization brought on by the pandemic could contribute to faster productivity growth (Hallward-Driemeier et al. 2020; IMF 2021a; Mischke et al. 2021). The installation of new productive capital such as telecom-munications equipment could contribute to a rise in total factor productivity, in contrast to the declines experienced after some past global recession

continued rapid adoption of digital technologies could help sustain a more robust global economic recovery than projected.

Mobileye is developing two completely independent self-driving systems—one driven by cameras and the other by a combination of lidar and radar. Once each of these systems has achieved a high level of performance separately, Mobileye will combine them into a single system. Mobileye believes this extra layer of redundancy will give the company higher confidence in the safety of its systems

far from endangering the economy, fintech lending may actually bolster its resilience.

. Hence the importance of the second point: the bedrock of data and algorithms on which it is built.

They also seem less likely to discriminate by race

First, fintech firms reach borrowers under-served by banks

fintech is good for the economy, and smothering it could limit its potential.

But there is a strong case to be made that lighter regulation would be the better approach

What would stop it from lending carelessly? China’s response includes a draft rule that would require Ant to fund 30% of its loans, which would force it to hold more capital and slow it down.

The main charge against Ant is that it offers what can be described as consumer subprime with tech characteristics

that the government needed to act because Ant threatened financial stability

The government’s unspoken objective is to ensure that foreigners exercise no control over Chinese tech firms, even if they own shares in them

News reports have suggested that the government has asked Alibaba to sell its media holdings

Tencent recently confirmed that it is working with regulators and reviewing past investm

the authorities may want to change the structure of the tech empires

The state has so far refrained from explicitly commanding the companies to share data. In China personal data belong to the individual, not companies, so laws would need to change in order for such data to be shared with the government.

Its objective is to pool data and impose more state ownership and control, which could eventually amount to a kind of nationalisation.

government’s designs for the firms’ most valuable resource—data

tech leaders should “stay in their own lane, focus on their core businesses and avoid commenting on politics or economics”.

After years of tolerating big tech’s unbridled expansion, the central government is rewriting the rules, some tacit and some explicit, for how billionaires can behave, the degree of overt state control over data, and who owns the firms’ other assets, including stakes in other businesse

Resilience comes not from autarky but from diverse sources of supply and constant private-sector adaptation to shocks.

The call for self-reliance also misconstrues the balance between the costs of interdependence, which are brief and visible, and its benefits, which trickle in month after month unheralded

Self-reliance sounds safe, but politicians and voters must remember that their meals, phones, clothes and jabs are all the product of global supply chains.

On February 24th Mr Biden ordered a 100-day security review of America’s supply chains. On March 9th the EU said it would double its share of world chipmaking by 2030, to 20%, which followed a pledge to be self-sufficient in batteries by 2025

The number of jobs in health care and education is rising fast. When somebody is sick, or needs to be taught, they expect face-to-face contact, not because people are better at it, but because they convey sympathy and fellow feeling. Something irreducible would be lost without them.

The second reason concerns levels of investment.

The first concerns trave

three further reasons to believe that the pandemic will have only a modest impact on automation

In fact, by lowering costs of production, automation can create more demand for goods and services, boosting jobs that are hard to automate.

It is striking that Japan, Singapore and South Korea all have world-beating rates of robot adoption, and yet also low unemployment. Perhaps technology allows more people, not fewer, to be employed.

automatable jobs are about as common as expected without the pandemic

Yet doom-mongers struggle to point to actual evidence of accelerating automation.

All this is causing many to update the rules

It is hard to assess the legal impact of the shift to hybrid work.