Human intelligence is the basis of artificial intelligence, and we need to be valuing these as real jobs in the AI economy that are going to be here for a while.”

The more AI systems are put out into the world to dispense legal advice and medical help, the more edge cases they will encounter and the more humans will be needed to sort them.

Machine-learning systems are what researchers call “brittle,” prone to fail when encountering something that isn’t well represented in their training data.

The resulting annotated dataset, called ImageNet, enabled breakthroughs in machine learning that revitalized the field and ushered in a decade of progress.

The anthropologist David Graeber defines “bullshit jobs” as employment without meaning or purpose, work that should be automated but for reasons of bureaucracy or status or inertia is not.

But behind even the most impressive AI system are people — huge numbers of people labeling data to train it and clarifying data when it gets confused.

Like most of the annotators I spoke with, Joe was unaware until I told him that Remotasks is the worker-facing subsidiary of a company called Scale AI, a multibillion-dollar Silicon Valley data vendor that counts OpenAI and the U.S. military among its customers

oe got a job as an annotator — the tedious work of processing the raw information used to train artificial intelligence.

LLMs are through and through based on language and patterns to be found through it.

the very success of LLMs in the commonsense arena strongly suggests that you don’t fundamentally need deep “structured logic” for that.

One of the surprises of LLMs is that they often seem, in effect, to use logic, even though there’s nothing in their setup that explicitly involves logic.

“symbolic discourse language”

particular formal system that described certain kinds of things

we weren’t trying to use just logic to represent the world, we were using the full power and richness of computation.

Lenat–Haase representation-languages

the problem of commonsense knowledge and commonsense reasoning.

heuristics: strategies for guessing how one might “jump ahead”

a very classic approach to formalizing the world

Encode knowledge about the world in the form of statements of logic.

was it all just an “engineering problem” that simply required pulling together a bigger and better “expert system”?

to use the framework of logic—in more or less the same form that Aristotle and Leibniz had it—to capture what happens in the world.

She rejects notions of progress, she is despairing of representative democracy, and she is not confident that freedom can be saved in the modern world.

Like HTML, PDF facilitates the user’s choice of device and operating system. Unlike HTML, PDF does not assume that remote servers or content are available.

From the vantage-point of 2023 we are positioned to recognize 1993 as a year of two key developments; the first specification of HTML, the language of the web, and the first specification of PDF, the language of documents.

the plugin “Permalink Manager Lite” to manage the URL of the pages. 

In April 2020, I ran a small SEO experiment with a blog post and transformed a long-form article into a topic cluster (also called content hub). 

Strengthen telecommunications and data transfers thanks to a new undersea cable connecting the region.

How soon could AI replace human workers?

a soul-crushing amount of change and uncertainty — is to methodically plan for the future.

how — and when — their workforce will need to change in order to leverage AI.

The software includes more than 500 functions — but the vast majority of people only use a few dozen, because they don’t fully understand how to match the enormous number of features Excel offers to their daily cognitive tasks.

Rather, they’ll need to learn how to leverage multimodal AI to do more, and better, work

Most workers won’t need to learn how to code, or how to write basic prompts, as we often hear at conferences.

so that both the human and the AI can accomplish more through collaboration than by working independently.

She might go back and forth a few times, using different data sources, until an optimal quote is received for both the insurance company and the customer.

near- and long-term scenarios for the myriad ways in which emerging tools will improve productivity and efficiency

That’s because AI systems aren’t static; they are improving incrementally over time.

aren’t planning for a future that includes an internal RHLF unit tasked with continuously monitoring, auditing, and tweaking AI systems and tools.

Essentially, AI systems need constant human feedback, or they run the risk of learning and remembering the wrong information.

By marketing their platforms to companies, they want to lock them (and their data) in.

Business data is invaluable because once a model has been trained, it can be costly and technically cumbersome to port those data over to another system.

AI is not a monolith, and we are just at the beginning of a very long trajectory.

it’s not good enough to actually use.

This happened again in 1987, when again, computer scientists and businesses made bold promises on a timeline for AI that was just never feasible.

AI cycles through phases that involve breakthroughs, surges of funding and fleeting moments of mainstream interest, followed by missed expectations and funding clawbacks.

using an iterative process to cultivate a ready workforce, and most importantly, creating evidence-backed future scenarios that challenge conventional thinking within the organization.

The workforce will need to evolve, and workers will have to learn new skills, iteratively and over a period of years

leaders are focused too narrowly on immediate gains, rather than how their value network will transform in the future

the output has to be proven trustworthy, integrated into existing workstreams, and managed for compliance, risk, and regulatory issues.

Exactly which jobs AI will eliminate, and when, is guesswork.

Within just a few years, powerful AI systems will perform cognitive work at the same level (or even above) their human workforce.

They all want to know how their companies can create more value using fewer human resources.

How soon could AI replace human workers?

To my mind, the true spiritual forefather of AI was Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646 - 1716), with his ideas about a universal formal language that could encompass all of human knowledge. Another important figure in AI's pre-history is Ada Lovelace, who around 1850 imagined that Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine (which unfortunately was never actually built) could conceivably accomplish such tasks as playing chess and composing music.

the Code of Conduct for Information Integrity on Digital Platforms that is being developed will be important.

There is convergence around the potential for a GDC to promote digital trust and security and to address disinformation, hate speech and other harmful online content.

There is broad consensus that the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) plays – and should continue to play – a key role in promoting the global and interoperable nature and governance of the Internet. The important roles played by IGF, ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, WSIS and other UN entities, structures, and forums have been emphasized and that a GDC should not duplicate existing forums and processes.

OpenAI models leaned left/libertarian, Google's BERT conservative, Meta's LLaMA right-authoritarian.

Until the Kenyan government suspended the process, thousands of Kenyan citizens lined up to have their iris scanned using the Worldcoin orb. The amount of Worldcoin being offered to each person was estimated to be about $49.

We recognized this problem back in 2021 and argued that benchmarks should be as dynamic as the models they evaluate. To make this possible, we introduced a platform called Dynabench for creating living, and continuously evolving benchmarks. As part of the release, we created a figure that showed how quickly AI benchmarks were “saturating”, i.e., that state of the art systems were starting to surpass human performance on a variety of tasks.

Specifically, Google hopes to unify and standardize the evaluation metrics for unlearning algorithms, as well as foster novel solutions to the problem.

to identify problematic datasets, exclude them and retrain the entire model from scratch

OpenAI, the creators of ChatGPT, have repeatedly come under fire regarding the data used to train their models. A number of generative AI art tools are also facing legal battles regarding their training data.

The world doesn’t have alignment. How can AI.

You don't just put this stuff in public when it's within striking distance of achieving ASI. That's just insanely stupid. Don't compare it to ANY previous technology. We want to limit to as little rusk as possible.

On the surface it might seem like a bad thing to distribute dangerous technology, but the alternative is the lack of balance.

Even the transformer architecture was invented and released by Google researchers,

Everything they touched turned into a monopoly.

Are there any resources for educators to learn more about AI?

their ability to interact with AI

support individual growth.

how their skills in asking questions, analyzing responses, and integrating information have developed.

students can reflect on their progress over time.

to review each other's work, fostering a collaborative environment.

to observe critical thinking and problem-solving approaches.

Even if these tools could accurately identify AI-generated content (which they cannot yet), students can make small edits to evade detection.

To elaborate on our research into the shortcomings of detectors, one of our key findings was that these tools sometimes suggest that human-written content was generated by AI.

The goal is to help them “understand the importance of constantly working on their original critical thinking, problem solving and creativity skills.”

ecommends teachers use ChatGPT as an assistant in crafting quizzes, exams and lesson plans for classes.

She says exploring information in a conversational setting helps students understand their material with added nuance and new perspective.

But we don’t know how fast it’s moving. We don’t know why it’s working when it’s working.

the story here really is about the unknowns.

We can’t look at how a person thinks and explain their reasoning by looking at the firings of the neurons.

Trying to build systems where by design, every piece of the system means something that we can understand.

Interpretability is this goal of being able to look inside our systems and say pretty clearly with pretty high confidence what they’re doing, why they’re doing it.

The paper describing GPT-4 talks about how when they first trained it, it could do a decent job of walking a layperson through building a biological weapons lab.

they’ve just got to wait and see.

hey’re basically investing in a mystery box?

But that doesn’t mean we understand anything about the biology of that tree. We just kind of started the process, let it go, and try to nudge it around a little bit at the end.

There’s no explanation in terms of things like checkers moves or strategy or what we think the other player is going to do

steering these things almost completely through trial and error.

by just putting these systems out in the world and seeing what they do.

we don’t know how to steer these things or control them in any reliable way

We just don’t understand what’s going on here. We built it, we trained it, but we don’t know what it’s doing.

“All right, make this entire response more likely because the user liked it, and make this entire response less likely because the user didn’t like it.”

reinforcement learning.

we know what word actually comes next, we can tell it if it got it right.

probability.

to guess what word is gonna come next

by basically doing autocomplete.

By deciphering the complex processes taking place in the networks, the opportunity for comprehensive standardization arises, improving the comparability and interoperability of models.

by enabling the development of more efficient models that require less computing power.

The possibility for better interpretation of the models also has ethical implications. Through a deeper understanding of the decision-making processes, discriminatory or biased mechanisms in AI could be identified and eliminated. Additionally, this understanding facilitates communication with domain experts who are not AI specialists, thus promoting broader acceptance in society.

the challenge lies in deciphering the mechanisms behind the observed order in the neural networks.

The Law of Equi-Separation The empirical Law of Equi-Separation cuts through this chaos and reveals an underlying order within the deep neural networks. At its core, the law quantifies how these networks categorize data based on class membership across various layers. It shows a consistent pattern: The data separation improves in each layer geometrically and at a constant rate. This challenges the notion of a chaotic training process and instead reveals a structured and predictable process.

With their numerous layers and interwoven nodes, these models perform complex data processing that appears chaotic and unpredictable.

The fascination with artificial intelligence (AI) has long been shrouded in mystique, especially in the opaque realm of deep learning.

Bringing a CoE to life should follow the maxim of crawl, walk, run.

a clear understanding of what automation means for an organization is vital.

a CoE comes in — a team dedicated to promoting automation across the organization.

uch as hallucinations, IP infringement, amplified bias, etc.)

G20 digital ministers sign up for Digital Public Infrastructure push

In the period between 1000 and 1500 A.D., the relevant major civilizations were West Europe, the Islamic world, India, and China. Below I have illustrated the notable people per-capita rates for countries accumulated over the 1000–1500 period. I have focused on the region containing Europe and the Middle East as, with respect to this measure, they are the only real competitors in this period

f I can add on, on the previous points about kind of like ensuring that open source and open science is safe. I think it’s important to recognize that when we keep things more secret, when we try to hurt open science, we actually slow down more the US than China, right? And I think that’s what’s been happening for the past, past few years, and it’s important to recognize that and, and make sure we keep our ecosystem open to help the United States.

First, it’s good to remember that most of today’s progress has been powered by open science and open source, like the attention is all you need. Paper, the BERT paper, the latent diffusion paper, and so many others, the same way without open source, PyTorch, transformers, diffusers, all invented here in the US, the US might not be the leading country for AI. Now, when we look towards the future, open science and open source distribute economic gains by enabling hundreds of thousands of small companies and startups to build with AI. It fosters innovation and fair competition between all thanks to ethical openness. It creates a safer path for development of the technology by giving civil society, nonprofits, academia and policy makers the capabilities they need to counterbalance the power of big private, of big private companies. Open science and open source, prevent black box systems, make companies more accountable and help solving today’s challenges like mitigating biases, reducing misinformation, promoting copyrights, and rewarding all stakeholders, including artists and content creators in the value creation process.

he advocates for open science and open source. He argues these would “prevent black box systems, make companies more accountable and help [in] solving today’s challenges like mitigating biases, reducing misinformation.”

If users don’t understand how this technology is built, it creates a lot of risks, a lot of misconceptions.”

He points out the dangers of letting "an opaque monopoly or oligopoly appear on a technology as groundbreaking as AI.”

With a robust $235M Series D funding and a cumulative valuation of $4.5 billion, Hugging Face is flush with cash, boasting reserves that enable aggressive growth and diversification strategies. Their fortified capital makes them a powerhouse in the machine learning ecosystem, primed to tackle challenges like inherent biases and expand beyond their NLP niche.

But BLOOM shatters this narrative. Spawned by BigScience, a consortium of 1,200 researchers from 38 countries, this open-source model boasts 176 billion parameters and speaks 46 languages plus 13 coding tongues.

e first developed ethical principles and then had to translate these into more specific corporate policies. We’re now on version 2 of the corporate standard that embodies these principles and defines more precise practices for our engineering teams to follow.

As the current holder of the G20 Presidency and Chair of the Global Partnership on AI, India is well positioned to help advance a global discussion on AI issues.

When we at Microsoft adopted our six ethical principles for AI in 2018, we noted that one principle was the bedrock for everything else—accountability.

we have nearly 350 people working on responsible AI at Microsoft, helping us implement best practices for building safe, secure, and transparent AI systems designed to benefit society.

They also invest in reskilling (57%), as opposed to hiring from the outside (43%), more than all other groups.

But internal process mining must be used in conjunction with external benchmarking to deliver the deeper insights executives seek.

Process mining,

as machines take over mundane tasks, people can spend more time on the problem-solving and collaborative work that require stronger people skills.

executives are more focused on developing people skills, with time management and prioritization, collaboration, and communications topping the list

automating bad processes won’t make them better.

They’re choosing to automate the same activities they’ve always done,

by putting new technologies at the core.

a shift in perspective.

one with 3,000 global C-suite leaders across 28 countries, another with 21,000 workers across 22 countries

human-machine partnerships

the age of the augmented workforce

Studying with Diplo Academy

This includes doing rigorous human evaluation and “red teaming” models to reveal and address model weaknesses.

Compute will continue to increase as companies spend more money and the underlying technology becomes cheaper. The remaining useful data on the internet will be used to train AI models, and researchers will continue to find ways to train and run AI systems which make more efficient use of compute and data. The continuation of these decadal trends is why experts think AI will continue to become more capable.

If in future, as data becomes a bottleneck for progress on AI training, more of the algorithmic progress may be focused on making up for shortfalls in data.

led researchers at Epoch to predict that AI developers will run out of high-quality language data by 2026. 

Sevilla predicts that this will continue until at some point it is no longer worth it to keep spending more money, when increasing the amount of compute only slightly improves performance.

In the case of LlaMa, the data points was text collected from a range of sources, including 67% from Common Crawl data (Common Crawl is a non-profit that scrapes the internet and makes the data collected freely available), 4.5% from GitHub (an internet service used by software developers), and 4.5% from Wikipedia.

Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, has said that GPT-4 cost over $100 million to train.

Training AI systems requires expensive specialized chips. AI developers either build their own computing infrastructure, or pay cloud computing providers for access to theirs

It could literally mean thousands of years of enslavement for humanity. Potentially perpetual enslavement of the human race if the gap widens large enough.

Also, other than existential risks, the second danger is this vast power being in the hands of only a few people.

Now they're spreading propaganda far and wide about how LLMs should be banned from open-source because they'll "get up to all sorts of crimes" on their own (direct quote...)

Strong AI, or even AI in general, has no such instincts

I don’t believe that strong AI will fulfill Yudkowsky’s prophecy of exterminating the human race.

Humans are driven by two basic instincts: survival and reproduction.

Cambridge dictionary defines ‘tool’ as “something that helps you to do a particular activity.”

principle-driven self alignment

We will almost certainly continue to develop better chips, better algorithms, and better training sets that will allow us to make significantly more powerful LLMs for into much smaller form factors.

Illustration:

(ii) a Hindu undivided family;

“Consent Manager”

Djibouti is also investing in human capital.

What about frontally confronting or perhaps curbing certain obnoxious and anti-human practices within the traditional African society? Then shall female genital mutilation, forced marriage, child abuse, rape, ritual murder and other social vices, such as kidnapping, armed robbery and the like, not be conscientiously addressed?

In Malawi, it is known as “Umunthu” (I am because we are) to the effect that “when you are on your own you are as good as an animal of the wilds but when there are two of you, you form a community”. I

In Kenya, “Utu” which means humaneness –not just towards other human beings but also to nature or the care of the environment is used.

The crux of this matter lies essentially in the fact that the African as a human being, culturally speaking is formed or initiated and receives his “ontology” and “being” from the community (Maritain 72)

The “I-You” relationship takes the back seat in this respect, as the “We” relationship takes pre-eminence.

African worldview does not subscribe to the western doctrine of dualism, though it agrees that the human person is made up of body and spirit

The African worldview is centered on the human person. Especially, the Igbo culture,

the entire creation is seen as being there to serve human purpose, whether it is to good ends or evil.

he viewpoint of the human persons’ central position.

principally anthropocentric.

which informs their basic worldviews and/or ontology.

has the welfare or wellbeing of the human person as its key attribute.

adigan explains that Renaissance Humanists did try to broaden the domain of the Triune God and that it hardly objected to the Christian interpretation; that Enlightenment Humanists were satisfied with a God who did not need to intervene in human affairs but who sets the universe in motion under rational foundations. Romantic Humanists looked to a personal deity who was closer to the joys of life than a policeman figure type of God; Religious Humanists on their own part aim at discovering the vital force or world spirit which could be tapped into by all humanpersons when and where necessary; and Secular Humanists, according to this explanation, from their atheistic and agnostic perspective fall in line with Nietzsche who declared that “God is dead” while searching rather for ethical principles from among the people themselves.

uns through them is theirrejection of supernaturalism while relying mainly on reason and science, democracy and human compassion

It shares with Renaissance Humanism a love for learning and an advocacy of free inquiry, but it is as skeptical of the occult as it is of religion; it agrees with the Enlightenment thinkers that the use of reason is our best guide for understanding, but it tries to avoid the former’s near-deification of rationality; it affirms the romantic stress on the importance of human emotions, but it is wary of the anti-civilization aspects of this movement; and like Religious Humanism, it seeks to chart out the common moral decencies found throughout the denominations of humankind, but it does not desire to establish a secular denomination, a religion of man to take their place (Madigan 330).

emphasis on human emotions (as against the primacy of the human reason of the enlightenment era)

Voltaire is a perfect example of this group.

he primacy of human reason.

on sweet reason as the best guide to knowledge and they remained highly critical of organized religion.

in relation to classical letters and a new wave of confidence in human ability to decipher between truth and falsehood via the reasoning faculty.

xamples of Renaissance Humanists are Petrarch, Erasmus of Rotterdam and Picodella Mirandola.

over human interests, human welfare and happiness or fulfillment.

he death of God philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche.

In Ludwig Feuerbach, for instance, we also find the “modern hyper deification of man”

to Marxists humanism which sees religion as the opium of the masses