If they reach a modus vivendi, that would be ideal for a place like Singapore.

The technological decoupling will also further disrupt global systems, which in fact have been the enabler of peace, stability, and prosperity for the last 75 years after the end of the Second World War.

Since the Renaissance in Europe and the Industrial Revolution, the entire globe has worked on a single technology stack: basic science, applied science, technology, goods, and products

The absence of strategic trust will lead both sides to always assume the worst.

to a self-fulfilling prophecy that fractures science, technology, and the economy. It is self-fulfilling.

Even as President Xi and other senior Chinese leaders denounce protectionism, decoupling, and unilateral sanctions, they continue to reiterate the importance of building China’s own global network of partnerships, and making China’s industrial and supply chains more resilient and secure.

such as AI software and quantum computing

The US is concerned that advancements in critical and emerging technologies can transform and empower foreign militaries, and ultimately impinge on US national security

I say all this so that we try to relieve our obsession with ideological labels, and to understand how and why countries and leaders adopt certain postures.

But the West was wrong when it wishfully believed or hoped that economic openness would invariably lead to Western-style political reforms

Sometimes when my American friends complain about this apparent attempt at autarky and self-reliance, we forget that it is not confined to China. In fact, today, we also have “Made in America”. That is not new either. If you go back to the 80s, there was “Made in Japan”.

referred to science and technology as foundational and strategic pillars,

But China never forgets its sense of history or its place in the world, and quite naturally and legitimately wants to reclaim its place in the world.

Within Asia itself, the first country to embark on modernisation was Japan. We saw that during the Meiji Restoration.

Consequently, it missed out on the Industrial Revolution

the compass, gunpowder, paper-making, and printing.

A thousand years ago, that country – and obviously, I am referring to China – probably constituted at least 30% of global GDP.

To be fair, the rest of the word, especially small city-states like us in Southeast Asia, benefited from those five decades. In the case of Singapore, our per capita GDP grew from about US$500 57 years ago – it went up more than a hundredfold.

at a time when it was about 40% of global GDP (gross domestic product), to benefit,

it basically set up a world which was not based on ‘winner takes all’.

the United States did to rebuild its enemies during th

The febrile relationship between the United States and China is of great concern to us – I think not just to Singapore, but indeed to all countries in the world.

The first word – trust. The second word is fracture. The third is Newton’s third law of motion.

when threatened, the United States resolved to tightly control the technologies underpinning economic growth and military superiority.

Brazil and Indonesia, leaders in orchestrating past nonalignment movements, are also taking advantage of their new pull. Europe should not underestimate the interest of postcolonial elites in charting an independent course. 

“If China and India spoke with one voice, the whole world will listen. If China and India joined hands, the whole world will pay attention.”

Brazil will indeed be back, but possibly in a minor key.

What Nicolás Maduro, Venezuela’s autocrat, wants is relief from American sanctions. So Brazil would have to work closely with Mr Biden’s people.

Lula’s victory means that left-wing governments are in charge in all of Latin America’s bigger countries.

Russia is one of the few issues on which Lula and Mr Bolsonaro agree. Brazil condemns the invasion but, like many developing countries, will not cut ties. Though Lula will be friendly to China, his team worry that the two countries’ trade has undermined Brazilian industry.

Its main instruments were the BRICS group (in which Brazil joined Russia, India, China and South Africa) and initiatives in Latin America and Africa, including the Mercosur trade block with Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. “Back then multipolarity seemed reasonably easy to achieve in a quite benign way,” Celso Amorim, who was foreign minister and is now Lula’s chief foreign-policy adviser, told Bello. “Now things are much fuzzier.”

Expecting geopolitical tensions between the West and China to go away is naive at best. So is expecting an autocrat like Mr Xi, who makes no bones about wanting to indigenise Chinese industry, to respect all commercial commitments to foreigners. Not cutting all business ties with China is understandable, and perfectly sensible. Deepening them looks reckless.

they prioritise the upside of long-shot projects rather than seeking to minimise failure.

handing out grants by lottery

darpa models

a one-size-fits-all approach

to fund “people not projects”

the darpa model does best when its programme directors have a clear understanding of the sort of breakthroughs that are needed

The dARPA model, which has more in common with venture capital than traditional funding structures, is an attempt to do just that

The most common way research is funded, through peer review—in which academics in similar fields score proposals—deserves some blame

The more knowledge humans have, the longer it takes a budding researcher to get to the frontier, and thus to push things forward. In a paper provocatively titled, “The burden of knowledge and the death of the Renaissance man”, Mr Jones argued humanity’s growing knowledge would slow scientific progress and thus economic growth.

empowering long-serving career officials ensures the most experienced officials are influential in the policy process and incentivizes the development of expertise through a career in government service

especially to American and other Western observers, is the inclusion of a reference to “indivisible security”, a term associated with Russian rhetoric. But the Chinese-language equivalent can also mean “inalienable” or “inseparable”.

China put forward the Global Development Initiative (GDI) last year. Seen as a continuation of the Belt and Road Initiative, the GDI prioritises the alignment of areas for cooperation with the UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. China emphasises cooperation through UN development agencies in implementing the GDI, as opposed to the Belt and Road Initiative, which is primarily a bilateral endeavour.

Mao Zedong would call him a forerunner in China’s pursuit of modernisation. In terms of China’s foreign relations, Sun’s idea that “all [nations] are equal” (tianxia datong) resonates with framings such as the “five principles of peaceful coexistence” and “a world community with a shared future”.

Voltaire remains today an iconic hero for everyone who sees a positive linkage between critical reason and political resistance in projects of progressive, modernizing reform.

Marx’s famous thesis that philosophy should aspire to change the world, not merely interpret it, owes more than a little debt Voltaire.

The model he offered of the philosophe as critical public citizen and advocate first and foremost, and as abstruse and systematic thinker only when absolutely necessary, was especially influential in the subsequent development of the European philosophy.

By also attaching what many in the nineteenth century saw as Voltaire’s proto-positivism to his celebrated campaigns to eradicate priestly and aristo-monarchical authority through the debunking of the “irrational superstitions” that appeared to anchor such authority

All of Voltaire’s public campaigns, in fact, deployed empirical fact as the ultimate solvent for irrational prejudice and blind adherence to preexisting understandings

the most important project was defending empirical science as an alternative to traditional natural philosophy

made him in some respects the leading philosophical advocate and ideologist for the new empirico-scientific conception of philosophy that Newton initiated.

Both Hume and Voltaire began with the same skepticism about rationalist philosophy, and each embraced the Newtonian criterion that made empirical fact the only guarantor of truth in philosophy.

to become a leading evangelist for this new Newtonian epistemology, and by consequence a major reason for its widespread dissemination and acceptance in France and throughout Europe

the currents of Newtonianism

the power and value of careful empirical science.

in a hedonistic calculus of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain.

his hedonistic morality

the free and public use of critical reason, and from the liberty that allows such critical debate to proceed untrammeled

makes him an unquestioned forerunner of modern civil libertarianism.

Voltaire to this dictum is the fact that even while he did not write these precise words, they do capture, however imprecisely, the spirit of his philosophy of liberty.

“I disagree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

But since many were incapable of such self-knowledge and self-control, religion, he claimed, was a necessary guarantor of social order.

For Voltaire, humans are not deterministic machines of matter and motion, and free will thus exists. But humans are also natural beings governed by inexorable natural laws, and his ethics anchored right action in a self that possessed the natural light of reason immanently

Central to this complex is Voltaire’s conception of liberty.

a singular role

The prehistory of the Internet

Special attention will be paid to knowledge networks, economic and material means, productions (scriptural, artistic or other) and vectors of influence

This conference wants to contribute to a transnational and decompartmentalized history of these circulations.

but with the development of benchmarking tools like AGENT, we’ll be able to measure how close we’re getting.

‘cost-reward trade-offs’, which means an understanding of how humans take actions “based on utility, trading off the rewards of its goal against the costs of reaching it.”

A model must then judge how surprising the agent’s behaviors in the ‘test’ videos are, based on the actions it learned in the ‘familiarization’ videos. Using the AGENT benchmark, that model is then validated against large-scale human-rating trials, where humans rated the ‘surprising’ ‘test’ videos as more surprising than the ‘expected’ test videos.

Researchers from IBM, MIT, and Harvard have created just that: AGENT, which stands for Action-Goal-Efficiency-coNstraint-uTility.

a “naive sense of physics” — this means that we know certain things about physics without having to work through physics equations, like why you shouldn’t put a bowling ball on a slanted surface.

The 5×5—The future of cyber diplomacy

It is far from being proven that most digital identity programmes have brought additional benefits to users, without placing them at risk.

Veći deo trgovine među njima tada bi se obavljao u domaćim valutama. Ali da bi se poravnale one neizbežne razlike (viškovi i manjkovi u platnom bilansu), Centralna banka će stvoriti zajedničku valutu.

Ono što je Rusiji zaista neophodno jesu kritični industrijski proizvodi poput kompjuterskih čipova. A njih bi mogla da traži da ih uveze iz Kine, da a ih plaća juanima koje je Rusija već obezbedila.”

Duh reformi usmerenih na obuzdavanje ‘slobodnog tržišta’ počeo je da se širi među studentima još pre deset godina, a ti isti su sada već počeli svoj uspon po lestvicama partijske hijerarhije.”

Identity is today the real battlefield. Identity is coming back as a powerful matter. Remember what someone said, “it is the economy, stupid”? Now, “it is the identity, stupid”.

The beauty of the European experience is “you and me”, overcoming the heritage of the past and offering to the world the recipe for peaceful coexistence, cooperation, integration and development.  

“it is the identity, stupid”

do not have anymore on their mind their country – well, they will always have their country on their mind.

Nothing similar in scope and content is available today in Europe, I am sure.

The big difference between us and an important part of the rest of the world is that we have institutions.

It is very difficult to build institutions.

the rest of the world

“People [matter], institutions [matter] much more”. People go by, institutions remain.

working on institution-building

They have to work in a different way because today everybody is a Minister of Foreign Affairs, because the foreign is internal and the internal is external. There is no longer a clear boundary. Who takes care of the internal dimension and who takes care of the external dimension? “You are in charge of the external dimension” - yes, but there is not a clear border between one thing and the other.  

You are very close to Brussels.

it will become a period of instability and we will have to build a new security order.

And any nuclear attack against Ukraine will create an answer, not a nuclear answer but such a powerful answer from the military side that the Russian Army will be annihilated, and Putin should not be bluffing.

I know that diplomacy is about values, and also about interest.

When more or less 20% of the world community decided not to support or not to reject the Russian annexation – for me, it is too many. It is too many.

Thank you also to the Florence Institute, the Maastricht Institute for conducting the feasibility study which will [pave] the way in order to make this pilot project a permanent reality.

It is not the same thing to be a national diplomat and a European Union’s diplomat

Thanks to the strong support of the European Parliament that has been very much instrumental in ensuring the funding to create this pilot project, we finally see a certain number of European young people - young diplomats - that want to become fully-fledged European diplomats. 

we are certainly living also a “moment of creation” of a new world.

But if we want to engage frankly and honestly, to discuss about the real problems and looking for solutions, then you have to tell all the truth – but we will do it later. 

political freedom, economic prosperity, social cohesion

The gardeners have to go to the jungle.

Most of the rest of the world is a jungle, and the jungle could invade the garden.

Europe is a garden.

Solving sovereignty for security and data control is well under way.

hybrid cloud approaches are becoming more popular so that organisations can leverage the potential of large providers while retaining their most sensitive processes under their own control or the control of local providers. 

including around the relevant regulatory authority

homogenisation

to lessen the risks of dependence on foreign technology,

policy changes and leverage digital sovereignty

to establish the network of people who have both mastery of science and diplomacy

The ripple effects of all this bifurcation goes beyond just science and technology. It risks the decoupling of global systems that have been the enablers of peace and stability for the last seventy-five years

we are now in danger of perhaps a technological bifurcation due to geopolitical conflic

are our current regimes for intellectual property protection and dissemination fit for purpose

This involves governments playing a role not simply the regulator and a producer of rules but being a proactive enabler, providing the necessary frameworks and infrastructure for progress and excellence, and to translate this research into useful, and if I may add, ethical applications for commercialisation.

leaps in chip technology are often boosted by government research grants.

CHIPS Act,

Only TSMC and Samsung, a South Korean tech giant, know how to make the world’s most advanced chips.

Its success reshaped the industry, allowing fab-less design companies to flourish, without the financial burden of building pricey new factories every few years. Today tsmc is the biggest chipmaker in the world by market value.

only outfits that manufactured huge amounts of chips would be cost-competitive. With lavish support from Taiwan’s government, TSMC was born.

put into practice a long-held idea for a firm that made chips designed by customers

First, the Soviet Union tried and failed to replicate Silicon Valley.

In “Chip War”, his elegant new book, Chris Miller of Tufts University shows how economic, geopolitical and technological forces shaped this essential industry.

Africa group of OECD and African Ambassadors could provide strategic insights.

ncluding members of the Governing Board of the Development Centre

over the next six months,the Secretariat will conduct extensive consultations in order to narrow down the scope and define the main pillars of the partnership.

urther inclusion in OECD databases

withOECD standardswhere possible

Policy Reviews

Knowledge sharing, peer-learning and high-level policy dialogues

rely onevidence-based policy analysis and policy dialogue

to strengtheningthecoherence of policy frameworks

on an equal footing in global policy-making and standard-setting can enhance the international community’s response to global challengesand help further level the global playing field.

in some instances–global standard-setting

for greater recognition of Africa in global governance and for the development of a co-designed, mutually beneficial partnership.1

with a platform for policy dialogue through which African partners can provide their perspectives on standards

strengthenAfrican policymakers’voices

to build an impactfulpartnershipbased ontrust,mutual understanding and enhancedco-operation on an equal footing,to addressmutually agreed priorities.

Africa’s priorities are guided by Agenda 2063, a wide-ranging long-term vision for the continent.

the Africa Infrastructure Index scores improved for almost all African countries between 2018 and 2020.

It is a time to unite behind a new grand narrative for Europe and to build a vibrant organisation.

a vibrant, influential and inclusive community

there is a community that gets motivated by it and an organisation that ensures its implementation

this new narrative cannot be about reaching a compromise that only disguises a common lowest denominator. It must be about making bold choices.

there are anchoring points to build on.

it is difficult to predict how things will unfold

a unique opportunity to write history, to try to serve a greater purpose, and to make a difference.

2Open Loop is a global program that connects policymakers and technology companies to help develop effective and evidence-based policies around AI and other emerging technologies.

2022 Annual Report on Implementation

Against this backdrop, Mr. Selassie pointed to four priorities for policy makers in the region:

Chang created TSMC, which produces chips designed by its clients, as opposed to designing its own. The company now produces 92 per cent of the world’s most advanced semiconductors.

after Congress passed legislation to provide $52bn to bolster domestic semiconductor production in the US.

Areas like artificial intelligence and quantum computing were particularly important, he told the audience.

for a "grown-up" conversation about collaboration with China at UK universities.

we understand that there is no free good here.

for Chinese digital currencies

New standards for the internet proposed by China

the BeiDou satellite system - a rival to the established GPS network which he said had been built into exports to more than 120 countries.

to create "client economies and governments" by exporting technology to countries around the world

Otherwise, our model will perish, will not be able to survive in this world.  

Our fight is to try to explain that democracy, freedom, political freedom is not something that can be exchanged by economic prosperity or social cohesion.

hat are the links between political freedom and a better life.

When we say that China is our rival, systemic rival, systemic rival means that our systems are in rivalry. And the Chinese are trying to explain to the world that their system is much better. Because, well, maybe you are not going to choose your head of government, but you will have food, and heat, and social services, you will improve your living conditions. Many people in the world, yes, they go and vote and choose their government, but their material conditions are not being improved. And in the end, people want to live a better life.  

in this battle of narratives

I need my delegations to step up on social media, on TV, in debates. Retweet our messages, our [European] External Action Service materials. Certainly, my blog, which is the everyday “consigna”. Tailor it to the local circumstances, use local languages. The first problem is that we speak English but a lot of people around the world do not speak English and do not understand if we address them in English. Do it in local languages. We still have a “reflex” of European culture: we speak our languages, and we expect the rest of the world to understand us. Many, many people around the world do not understand, not even Spanish.  

We provide you with materials and I have the feeling that you do not transmit the message strongly enough.  

And I am still surprised that, in some delegations, it seems that they do not take enough consideration of our communication, and they do not tweet and re-tweet the messages that we are delivering from the centre. You have to be a network that is repeating, transmitting, insisting. 

we are creating new dependencies in this link between energy, climate [and] technology.

we cannot substitute one dependency by another.

We have to try to think in the medium and long-term

between what we announce and what we implement,

Please, be prepared for better explanation of what we do with a time schedule.

It does not mean anything one figure if you do not put a time dimension.

When we hesitate, we regret it.  

Take more initiative. Be ready to be bold.

Behave as you would behave if you were an Embassy: send a telegram, a cable, a mail - quickly. Quickly, please, react.  

I think that we have to be faster and to take risks. I need you to report fast, in real time on what is happening in your countries. I want to be informed by you, not by the press. Sometimes, I knew more of what was happening somewhere by reading the newspapers than reading your reports. Your reports come sometimes too late. Sometimes, I read something happening somewhere and I ask “what [does our Delegation [say]. For the time being, nothing. “For the time being, nothing” is not affordable. You have to be on 24-hours reaction capacity. Immediately - something happens, you inform. I do not want to continue reading in the newspapers about things that happened somewhere with our Delegation having said nothing.  

It is no longer the economy, it is the identity.

We think that we know better what is in other people’s interests.

to overestimate the rational arguments.

more empathy

to listen more

we have the “Brussels effect” and we continue setting standards, but I believe that, more and more, the rest of the world is not ready to follow our exportation of model.

we try to export our model, but we do not think enough about how the others will perceive this exportation of models.

with Team Europe and the Global Gateway

we have to think more politically.

apart from that, there [are] the hybrid wars, there is the disinformation war that continues. I want to stress the importance of the war on information and disinformation – I will talk about it later.  

the global system does not deliver,

These people do not want to be forced to take sides in this geopolitical competition.

the rising nationalism, revisionism plus identity politics.

Everything is a weapon: energy, investments, information, migration flows, data, etc. There is a global fight about access to some strategic domains: cyber, maritime, or outer space. 

what the Mexican President said about us yesterday.  

There is an authoritarian trend.

a fight between the democratic systems and the authoritarian systems.

We cannot say “we are the democracies”, and the ones which follow us are also democracies - that is not true. That is not true. 

the US-China competition

a messy multipolarity.

the degree to which Russia is becoming a major factor in African theatres – yes, it is a surprise. We could not – we should [have] -, but we did not imagine how quickly, from the Central African Republic, now to Mali, and I do not know what is happening in Burkina Faso.