f i g u r e1R&D expenditures of selected countries, 2000–2019s o u r c e: “Main Science and Technology Indicators,” Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MSTI_PUB

to “record the greatest timelapse of the universe ever made”.

My impression is that when scientists communicate scientific information to the public, the difficulty of the concepts and complexity of the data create some barriers. For example, it is difficult for the public to understand the concepts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C of global average temperature rise, as described in the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. These abstract concepts should be illustrated through real-life scenarios. For instance, scientists could explain that if the temperature rise exceeds 1.5 °C, some natural disasters which used to happen once in a century will likely occur every year. This explanation will make the temperature rise easier to understand and could help increase support for action.

scientific and data integrity.

is that the way to fix the problem is through science and innovation

During the last year and a half, we believed that the whole world was united aroundthese same realities: on the one hand, our fragility in the face of a virus that does notrespect borders, ideologies or social condition; on the other, a spirit of unity andconfidence in science that has led us, among other things, to develop effective vaccinesagainst COVID-19 in an astonishingly short time frame

We must also ensure that the digital transformation is inclusive for all countries and all people, bridging the current digital divide. 23.Another important aspect for Latvia is the preservation of linguistic diversity and the use of small languages in the digital age. Latvian digital technology companies are developingahigh-quality machine translation program for small languages.This will help to safeguard linguistic diversity in the digital age.24.Latvia is alsoproud of the project "RigaTechGirls", which offers better digital skills and opportunities to women. We are happy to share this experiencewith others through the UN system.25.Latvia supportsthe UN Technology Facilitation Mechanismto identify how science, technology and innovation canbestcontribute to deliveringsustainable development goals.

Turkmenistan will continue to promote its previously echoed initiatives aimed at activating multilateral cooperation in science diplomacy. In particular, we propose to consider issues on instituting the following international and regional instruments during the 76th session.The World Health Organization Special Program for studying the genome of coronavirus; Multilateral mechanism of the World Health Organization to fight against pneumonia; Methodological center of the World Health Organization to treat and prevent acute infections; the Central Asian regional center for epidemiology, virology and bacteriology.

As such we endorse the G7 Compact on Research Collaboration and its commitment to: support policies, legal frameworks and programmes to promote research collaboration; promote sharing of research data; explore enhancements to research assessment and rewards for collaboration and knowledge sharing; and develop a common set of principles which will help protect research and innovation ecosystem across the G7 to open and reciprocal research collaboration.

We thank the UK’s Chief Scientific Adviser and his G7 counterparts, the international organisations, industry representatives and expert advisers involved in the partnership on pandemic preparedness convened by the UK Presidency and note their practical proposals.