That left no one safe from disruption. As he put it, even a monopoly was “no cushion to sleep on”.

he believed that creative destruction blew through the economy like a perennial gale, destroying old structures and building new ones.

Though Facebook and Google get most of the antitrust attention, so much of their content depends on Apple’s platforms that some describe it as the 800-pound gorilla in the background.

Apple has become just the sort of big-business innovation engine that late-in-life Schumpeter admired and perceived as best-placed to produce revolutionary change.

Such developments, says Mr Dediu, are not about “eureka moments”. They are about turning new technologies into products that eventually will be accessible to millions.

Schumpeter drew up a checklist of ways to create new “combinations”, as he called entrepreneurial firms; Jobs used many of them. He created new goods (Macs, iPods, etc), a new method of production (the Cupertino-to-China supply chain) and new markets (the app economy).

his famous term “creative destruction”,

This was highlighted by his rejection of the distinction between discovery and justification (denying that we can distinguish between the psychological process of thinking up an idea and the logical process of justifying its claim to truth) and his emphasis on incommensurability (the claim that certain kinds of comparison between theories are impossible

A crisis in science arises when confidence is lost in the ability of the paradigm to solve particularly worrying puzzles called ‘anomalies’

it wafted through US skies before

Politics is the art of gaining (and maintaining) leadership, while strategy, in the words of Alexander Suvorov, is the science of victory.

Local government, which should be as open as possible to citizens and capable of dealing with problems, constitutes a solid popular basis for the whole power structure.

A key part of this journey is the formation of an elite committed to serving the state and not just itself.

It requires a dynamic economy and its own technological base that is absolutely essential for real sovereignty in a 21st century world, an educated and healthy population, a society based on values shared by the majority of the people, and the principles of solidarity and justice

The stakes for Russia in the current conflict are therefore existential and fundamentally higher than those of the US and its allies.

The quasi-ideology of pragmatism and the cult of money, which dominated the country after the collapse of the USSR, proved to be flawed and harmful. In short, the end of the historical orientation towards integration with the Western world logically requires Russia to reorient itself.

They are guided primarily by national interests and are deeply integrated into the global economy and the Western-centric institutions that serve it, which significantly limits interaction with Moscow.

Cultural, scientific, sporting and humanitarian ties have been severely curtailed, the information war has reached maximum intensity, and the Iron Curtain in Europe has been rebuilt - this time by the West.

the politician must observe issues in the here and now.

to first identify the prevailing trends in global development

So, it follows that the strategist (planner and navigator) and the politician (the pilot) must work together and in very close contact with each other.

geopolitical with an acute phase of great power rivalry and the emergence of new players on the global stage, economic with the regionalization of economics and finance, values including the inability of modern Western obsessions to become universal and the struggle between tradition and innovation within the West itself

Strategy increasingly came to be understood as higher politics, while politics was often understood as political tactics.

the specific details of moving towards the goal belong to tactics.

the goal the subject is aiming for, and the general path it has chosen to reach the goal.

The old strategy, beginning with Peter the Great, to Europeanize the country and take its place in that world, is no longer relevant.

rather a deep, protracted conflict with long-lasting consequences

In November 2020, I wrote an article about creating a topic cluster boosting my website traffic by 1000%.

People want to feel special, not reduced to a data point.

The credentials of those behind an AI matter.

Late last year Horizon Worlds, Meta’s main metaversal attraction, was reportedly losing users.

Meta still faces other—more serious—challenges from regulators at home (where another FTC lawsuit calls for its break-up) and in Europe (where tough new rules on large digital platforms are being finalised).

But China does have a vital interest in discrediting American-led alliances, because those may threaten China one day in its East Asian backyard.

it is making digital technology governance a centerpiece of its G-20 presidency.

By declining to use the G-20 as a platform for meaningfully challenging digital authoritarianism, it may reduce its own ability to capitalize on its international stature as the world’s largest digital democracy.

the Indian presidency is increasing its prospects of crafting at least basic consensus – maybe even a ministerial declaration

Evidently, this approach differs from the G-7 countries’ commitment to promoting cross-border “data free flow with trust.”

In the digital realm, that translates into an approach centering on “data sovereignty” and countering “data colonialism.”

locally developed 5G technology

“India stack” digitization project. It comprises four technology layers designed to provide individuals with digital identities, an interoperable payments system, virtual documents and verification, and personal data management through regulated intermediaries.

to generate jobs, facilitate citizen-centered inclusive growth, and enhance connectivity.

According to a study by the Reserve Bank of India, India’s digital economy grew 2.4 times faster than the overall economy.

its “human-centric approach to technology” to the grand diplomatic stage are in full swing.

But digital is among those areas where careful optimism still prevails.

advancing inclusive cooperation on digital trade, expanding affordable and high-quality digital infrastructure, enabling cross-border data flows and developing digital skills and literacy.

The tanks are expecte

“dramatically reduce the need to scale up”. And novel methods to do more with less are being developed all the time.

Epoch, a non-profit research institute, estimates that at current rates, big language models will run out of high-quality text on the internet by 2026 (though other less-tapped formats, like video, will remain abundant for a while).

That in turn is generating tonnes of user data that could make its models better (“reinforcement learning with human feedback”, if you must know)—and thus attract more users.

As a result of all this, reckons Yann LeCun, Meta’s top AI boffin, “Nobody is ahead of anybody else by more than two to six months.”

Neither AI was clearly superior. Google’s was slightly better at maths, answering five questions correctly, compared with three for ChatGPT. Their dating advice was uneven: fed some actual exchanges in a dating app each gave specific suggestions on one occasion, and generic platitudes such as “be open minded” and “communicate effectively” on another. ChatGPT, meanwhile, answered nine SAT questions correctly compared with seven for its Google rival. It also appeared more responsive to our feedback and got a few questions right on a second try. Another test by Riley Goodside of Scale AI, an AI startup, suggests Anthropic’s chatbot, Claude, might perform better than ChatGPT at realistic-sounding conversation, though it performs worse at generating computer code.

Meta’s “Diplomacy” player, Cicero, gets kudos for its use of strategic reasoning and deception against human opponents

the world’s biggest natural-language model, Wu Dao 2.0

The Chinese labs, for example, appear to have a big lead in the subdiscipline of computer vision, which involves analysing images, where they are responsible for the largest share of the most highly cited papers. According to a ranking devised by Microsoft, the top five computer-vision teams in the world are all Chinese.

Stability AI, a startup that has assembled an open-source consortium of other small firms, universities and non-profits to pool computing resources, has created a popular model that converts text to images.

In 2017 Ashish Arora, an economist, and colleagues examined the period from 1980 to 2006 and found that firms had moved away from basic science towards developing existing ideas.

When Alphabet, its parent company, presents quarterly earnings on February 2nd, investors will be listening out for its answer to ChatGPT.

by IARPA, the research hub of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, which oversees America’s spies.

Wi-Fi signals undergo subtle shifts when they encounter objects—human beings included.

to turn any building’s Wi-Fi network into a mini panopticon

interactive gaming and exercise monitoring.

to “monitor the well-being of elder people”

this work employed standard antennas of the sort used in household Wi-Fi routers.

describes how they ran Wi-Fi signals from a room with appropriate routers in it through an artificial-intelligence algorithm trained on signals from people engaging in various, known activities.

Technology is advancing and courtroom rules are very outdated."

The AI tools developed by DoNotPay, which remain completely untested in actual courtrooms, require recording audio of arguments in order for the machine-learning algorithm to generate responses.

"This could've shifted the balance and allowed people to use tools like ChatGPT in the courtroom that maybe could've helped them win cases."

focus on assisting people dealing with expensive medical bills, unwanted subscriptions and issues with credit reporting agencies.

Earlier this month, he claimed on Twitter that the company would pay any lawyer $1 million to argue in front of the U.S. Supreme Court wearing AirPods that would pipe AI-generated arguments from its "robot lawyer."

By contrast, the center-left is pushing for an overall increase of the sanctions and for removing size and market share consideration from the criteria authorities consider when imposing a penalty. 

Conservatives want to give the European Artificial Intelligence Board additional autonomy in setting its own agenda. The Greens want the European Data Protection Supervisor to provide the Board’s secretariat for the Board – and act as the supervisory authority for large companies.   

The Green group added a paragraph to add a transparency requirement to counter deceptive practices called dark patterns. 

he rules applied to providers not located or operating in the EU under certain circumstances. 

Liberals have introduced a new article to put them in the scope of the regulation, including a reference to blockchain-backed currencies.

Green MEPs extended the high-risk category to media recommendation software, algorithms used in the health insurance processes, payments, and debt collection. 

Obligations for high-risk applications should be partially or completely removed if programmers mitigate the risk with countermeasures or built-in features.  

But high-risk requires programmers to take a series of precautions to make sure their plans are safe. 

the majority look set to prohibit biometric recognition.

Green MEPs want to ban biometric categorization, emotion recognition, and all automated monitoring of human behavior.

the center-right European People’s Party insists on the definition agreed upon at the OECD.

Left-of-center parliamentarians are pushing for a broad general definition of artificial intelligence (AI) rather than accepting a narrow list of AI techniques.

topics is on definitions.

“requiring students to leave all their backpacks and electronics at the front of the exam room.”

some of whom are revamping their courses as a result.

Mostofi said student assignments will continue to be designed to “support students in developing linked thinking and writing skills,” including the drafting and revising processes, as well as citing sources.

Among other districts that have cracked down on its use, New York City’s education department has blocked the site on its networks, citing “concerns about negative impacts on student learning, and concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content,” according to education department spokesperson Jenna Lyle in a statement to Chalkbeat New York.

“Students are expected to complete coursework without unpermitted aid,” wrote spokesperson Dee Mostofi. “In most courses, unpermitted aid includes AI tools like ChatGPT.”

The US is lobbying hard to dilute Europe’s AI regulation, aiming to narrow Europe’s definition of risky AI. In Washington’s view, it is too early to regulate a technology that they struggle to define. Europeans themselves are divided over the text, which is now the subject of negotiations in the European Parliament and the EU Council.

rather than get a direct answer to a query from a dubious source, readers are linked with an authoritative website.

it lacks a critical spirit:

Switzerland ranks 9th for countries with most trademark applications per 100,000 people

A python module to generate optimized prompts, Prompt-engineering & solve different NLP problems using GPT-n (GPT-3, ChatGPT) based models and return structured python object for easy parsing

when the entire thing might have been avoided by judicious diplomatic engagement?

And for a short time, the “Vietnam Syndrome,” (shorthand for a wariness and suspicion of unnecessary and unsupportable foreign interventions) occasionally informed policy at the highest levels and manifested itself in the promulgations of the Wienberger and Powell Doctrines which, in theory anyway, were set up as a kind of break on unnecessary military adventures.

And for a short time, the “Vietnam Syndrome,” (shorthand for a wariness and suspicion of unnecessary and unsupportable foreign interventions) occasionally informed policy at the highest levels and manifested itself in the promulgations of the Wienberger and Powell Doctrines which, in theory anyway, were set up as a kind of break on unnecessary military adventures.

Another divide is between rural and urban India. The internet penetration rate is 103% in cities (because of individuals with multiple connections) and 38% in the countryside.

Only a quarter of Indian women did.

estimates that half of adult Indian men owned a smartphone in 2021.

The government is enthusiastically promoting digital payments through its Unified Payments Interface, a cashless system that has gained widespread popularity. Its biometrics-based national identity system now covers nearly every Indian resident and is all but mandatory when interacting with the state. A covid-tracking app was also voluntary in name only.

In October last year, the latest month for which figures are available, the telecoms regulator counted 790m wireless broadband connections, barely exceeding the previous peak of 789m, which was recorded in August 2021.

just peace

Based on my experience, talks succeed only if in the end the most powerful figures from each side are bold enough to meet and reach agreement.

History is filled with examples of peace negotiations failing because the right people or groups were not involved in the negotiations.

Many peace processes require quiet diplomacy, especially to get started.

channels of communication should be established as early as possible.

it is never too early to prepare for potential talks

We, the international community and the UN, should help provide a “tunnel” for Russia and Ukraine. We need to prepare now so as to be ready to provide effective support for eventual peace when the two sides want to negotiate.

In physical meetings you can entertain yourself by looking around the room or whispering to colleagues. In virtual meetings whoever has the floor has all your attention: their face fills your screen, their voice fills your ears (particularly if you’re wearing headphones) and their attention-seeking soul occupies your whole computer, sucking away your life-force.

Zoom removes all such mechanisms. The audience is muted.

In the physical world all sorts of micro-signals keep all but the most resolute speakers under some sort of control. The chairperson can raise an eyebrow, ostentatiously look around for someone else to interject, or, if the bore continues to plough on, interrupt to say “I’d like to bring Sarah in on this one”

The bore’s co-workers must stand in for the publican, shopkeeper, subordinate, neighbour or whomever routinely gets the benefit of their banality.

They take ten minutes to make a simple point. They raise their virtual hands at every possible occasion.

But above all there are Zoom bores – Zoombies? – who turn every meeting into a marathon of self-important tedium.

Writing is the business of turning time into words: the more time you have the more words you should be able to produce.

One vehicle for co-ordination is the Three Seas Initiative (3Si), a forum of 12 EU countries spanning the Adriatic, Baltic and Black seas, founded in 2015. Its investment fund, set up in 2019, says it has raised at least $1.2bn.

What matters more is the extent to which America and its allies blacklist China, where TSMC has a fab in Nanjing making mainstream chips for domestic use. The company may be right to believe that cool heads will prevail. But if it is wrong, at least it has started the long process of hedging its bets.

In that case, eventually TSMC may outgrow Taiwan, whose population is shrinking. Accessing more global brainpower, in America or elsewhere, will become an imperative.

Though construction costs in the United States are, officials said, up to five times higher than in Taiwan, they indicated that customers who wanted their chips to be made in America would pay a higher price, protecting profits

TSMC will bear the losses as a gesture of goodwill to the country

For the foreseeable future, though, most R&D is likely to remain in Taiwan. So will at least four-fifths of TMSC’s capacity.

Its biggest customer in Phoenix will be Apple. Beyond America, it plans to build its first fab in Japan for Sony, another gadget-maker. This looks like a strategy to move closer to its customers, which if you are sitting in Taiwan might look suspiciously like abandonment.

Yet it is thinking about a long-term future in which one day there may be a premium on geographical flexibility. In short, it is playing a subtle game of diplomacy in which its business interests come first.

Last year America strengthened its stranglehold on certain “choke-point” technologies, such as artificial-intelligence chip design, chip software and semiconductor-manufacturing equipment, in order to stymie China’s ambitions.

Many of its fabrication plants are on the west coast of Taiwan and perilously exposed to a Chinese invasion across the Taiwan Strait. Yet it refuses to be panicked. “If there is a war then, my goodness, we all have a lot more than just chips to worry about,”

there is no international agreement on the legal status of the Moon.

Many of NASA’s CLPS payloads are intended to pave the way for the return of people to the Moon, for example by scouting possible landing sites or searching for resources

Being able to put things into orbit around Earth has made all sorts of things possible, from GPS navigation and satellite TV to better internet access and weather monitoring, as well as military uses

the Peregrine lander built by Astrobotic Technology, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, also operates under the CLPS programme

The first of these is Nova-C, created by Intuitive Machines, a startup in Houston, Texas.

HAKUTO-R Mission 1 was launched on December 11th on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.

Of 178 successful missions in 2022, 90 were by companies (in many cases subcontracted by governments), and of those 61 were by one firm, SpaceX. When it comes to sending things to the Moon, however, governments retain a monopoly of success.

What geopolitical analysts have more recently come to call the “free and open Indo-Pacific” now takes in America and Australia as partners in the grouping known as the Quad, which seeks to counterbalance the rise of China.

Even the “Asian values” promoted by Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore’s founder, are best understood in opposition to Western ones.

Bosses are the most visible people in a firm; when they point fingers, others will, too. If your company has a blame culture, the fault lies there.

Power and punitiveness went together.

Blameless postmortems have long been part of the culture at Google, for instance, which has templates, reviews and discussion groups for them.

people “are not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training”

promotes individual blame instead of collective learning.

not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.

Pointing fingers saps team cohesion. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organisations can learn from them

when a third of the world’s economies are projected to go into recession, Russia’s war on Ukraine continues unabated and countries are struggling with a global debt crisis.

India does not have a data protection law, but recently introduced a revised draft that would curb how companies can use personal data.

“Earlier, you had small pilots. But now these are big enough projects across the population — income, education and age group — that it can work.”

This includes the country’s 13-year-old digital ID scheme Aadhaar, which is linked to an individual’s biometrics, as well as schemes such as UPI, which was launched in 2016.

the India Stack is an important element of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s soft-power push, as New Delhi seeks to present itself as a democratic, business-friendly counterweight to China.

Countries including Singapore, the United Arab Emirates and Nepal are already adopting elements of India’s payments infrastructure.

to facilitate cross-border transactions for Indians overseas

other nations about making their payments systems “interoperable” with the technology.

the “India Stack”,

would make “special presentations” about its digital infrastructure

to give ourselves time to develop disagreement and perhaps gain understanding of what the decision is all about.”

they would speak in reverse order of seniority, so that less experienced judges wouldn’t tailor their opinions to fit those of senior ones.

The longer people talked to each other, the dumber they became. Meetings didn’t open minds, it closed them.

But the Talmudic principle embodies an important insight about the perils of consensus: if everyone is seeing things a certain way, you may well have missed something important.

As well as giving people a sense that their voice matters, consulting a wider group gives leaders access to a collective judgment that – as a large body of literature on the wisdom of crowds shows – is likely to be a good one.

But perhaps they don’t want to acknowledge that, in getting people to vote for his preferred outcome, Satan was simply really good at meetings.

The result wasn’t always the right one, but the procedure was represented as admirable.

Moloch advocates “open Warr”. Belial, whom Milton describes as an artful and cynical speaker, suggests that they do nothing and hope God sees fit to forgive them. Mammon argues for abandoning any idea of returning to Heaven and instead building an empire in Hell. And Beelzebub counsels sending a demon to Earth to seduce or destroy this “new Race call’d Man”. The issue is put to a vote.

Meetings without order don’t achieve anything except the entrenchment of powerful personalities, as Piggy learned the hard way

We seem to assume that people speak because they have something useful to say.

Studies show that the more someone contributes in a meeting, the more they are likely to be asked questions

people tend to think of them as influential by default

It’s time some people knew they’ve got to keep quiet and leave deciding things to the rest of us.”

inds it impossible to translate talk into action

Meetings become central to their attempt to structure their mini-society, and they adopt a rule that anyone can speak if they’re holding the group’s conch shell (a prefiguration of Zoom’s yellow halo).

“Even in egalitarian Denmark, we very rarely observed meeting participants challenge their leaders’ right to speak as much as they please.”

leaders are better at pretending to listen to their subordinates.

But Cordelia, his youngest – and the only one who genuinely loves her father, as the play goes on to demonstrate – refuses to flatter him (“I cannot heave my heart into my mouth”).

The real purpose of the meeting, it becomes clear, is for the old king to be lavished with “opulent” praise.

they are confident in their own judgment and willing to assert themselves.

But getting the view from the floor isn’t just good for employees’ morale; it’s a way to gather useful information and different opinions.

Encouraging junior staff to voice their opinions is one of the biggest difficulties modern managers face.

Homer makes clear that the Greeks did not believe in a frank exchange of views.

turns on arguments between key individuals

the Western canon is ripe with unharvested wisdom on how to make meetings more productive.

“The Iliad”, Western literature’s foundational text, kicks off with a meeting.

people have been gathering to discuss decisions since Adam and Eve

a mini-industry in management books

In many office cultures, a meeting is a byword for a tedious, time-wasting exercise.

moved away from manufacturing towards “knowledge” industries

The average executive now spends 23 hours in them each week, a figure that has more than doubled since the 1960s

Business leaders are often adept at adapting their organizations to new political realities

cyber leaders must present security issues in terms that board-level executives can understand and act on.

a security-focused culture requires a common language based on metrics

Cyber executives are now more likely to see data privacy laws and cybersecurity regulations as an effective tool for reducing cyber risks across a sector. This is a notable shift in perception from the 2022 Outlook report.

Leaders struggle to balance the value of new technology with the potential for increased cyber risk in their organizations

by strengthening controls for third parties with access to their environments and/or data

influenced by the quality of security across their supply chain of commercial partners and clients

The data protection and cybersecurity concerns created by geopolitical fragmentation

43% of organizational leaders think it is likely that in the next two years, a cyberattack will materially affect their own organization

with 91% of all respondents believing that a far-reaching, catastrophic cyber event is at least somewhat likely in the next two years

Hearing is not the same as listening.

The best part, you don’t need any additional add-ons to make the tables fully responsive. The plugin itself has the capability to create responsive tables that would adjust to multiple screens size, be it mobile, tablet, or desktop.