But capital must come in also to take control of the sources of raw materials. And in the case of Ukraine also take control over the land area. Capital would like to own the entire land of the planet. 

So, I think these countries are going to remain highly indebted and in that sense they would be like Greece. And forever there would be these measures of austerity which will be imposed on the people. That means they will be excluded from the benefits of these loans or whatever. 

Eastern Europe is a part of the latter.

But there are other places where globalization takes the form not of supporting and sustaining and promoting the productive apparatus but rather the productive apparatus gets completely destroyed and of course people then start migrating. 

these are the countries to which a lot of the activities are shifting from the metropolis.

Firstly, it slashed the gas subsidy by half. Therefore gas prices went up for the consumers. Secondly, you know there was a ban on the sale of land area in Ukraine to Big Capital, to foreigners and so on under Yanukovych. And that had been one of the things demanded by the IMF that the ban should go. And immediately when the government came in that ban went. So, you had the opening up of Ukraine, not just Ukrainian resources, but even land area to the penetration of foreign capital, foreign Big Capital.

Prominently, the unwillingness of Yanukovych to cut government subsidies on Ukrainian gas provided to domestic consumers, so the Ukrainian people.

And that is when Yanukovych, who was the President of Ukraine at that time said that, no, this is something which is not possible. So, at that point therefore, IMF ended up deciding that if the conditions are not being met in that case, it’s not going to provide any more loans to Ukraine. That’s when Yanukovych started negotiating with Russia. 

They cannot really pay back that kind of debt particularly when their productive apparatus is not really generating much. 

And that is something where again, you have the emergence of these oligarchs who simply appropriated state property as their own. Now, to some extent in Russia itself there was some check on it that was introduced after Boris Yeltsin left the scene. 

And as far as Russia is concerned, it was for a very long time during the Yeltsin period, virtually run by a group of persons from the United States. In fact, they surrounded Yeltsin and they were the main economic architects of that kind of collapse of the Soviet Union and of Russia. 

So this is really very different from the role that was originally envisaged for it under the Bretton Woods Agreement.

So, so it actually started suggesting an alternative economic regime quite different from the economic regime that either Keynes or Harry Dexter White would have approved of.

But all that was still within the regime.

OK you may have balance of payments problems. A country can get into balance of payments problems. And some of these problems may not be easily solved. In such a case you would have to borrow from an organization and the IMF was meant to be such an organization.

the government’s role in providing education, in providing healthcare, in providing employment, all this must actually be wound up.

the government’s role in the economy on behalf of the people: that means the government’s role in providing subsidies and essential goods whose prices remain low;

to create these enormous cleavages inside the society through its so-called investor-friendly policies.

But what has happened in Russia is the growth of tremendous inequality.

these oligarchic structures that blocked any path to a functioning democracy from the outset,

This and absurd privatization attempts orchestrated by the West paved the way for an oligarchy that was initially hailed by the West as a “private solution” to the structural problem, but which proved fatal for the countries’ development chances.

Probability in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy

This digital experience tool wants to show you why people leave your site.

rage clicks and thrashing mice?

Mouseflow does funnels. This shows you a visitor’s journey from page to page.

It displays things like a visitor’s mouse movements, where they click, and how far down the page they scroll.

Dependence on Russian oil, gas and other raw materials weighs heavily geopolitically.

we can play the role of mediator.

mobilize ourselves alongside the actors of global security policy in order to find solutions to this terrible conflict

Russia has massively violated the prohibition on the use of force, a principle anchored in international law.

Neutrality does not mean indifference.

s not a dogma, it is a flexible instrument of our foreign policy and our security policy.

The Federal Council therefore adopted the EU sanctions in their entirety.

Russian threats to hit NATO military aid convoys to Ukraine could drag in the neighbours and lead to major escalation involving Western forces.

the White House is digging in for a long-term conflict to weaken and destabilise Russia, regardless of how ambitious or limited its war objectives.

By demonising Putin as a “war criminal”, Washington made it clear that it will accept no compromise as long as the Russian leader rules over the Kremlin, and is ready to continue the fight against Russia until the last Ukrainian standing, alas.

that Putin now sees as “akin to a declaration of war”.

Mr Putin may have misjudged Russia’s military capabilities, the effectiveness of the Ukrainian resistance and the scope and speed of the Western response, but one should never underestimate how ruthless great powers can be when they believe they are in dire straits.

Russia demanded a written guarantee that Ukraine would never become a part of NATO and that the alliance remove the military assets it had deployed in eastern Europe since 1997.

the “US-Ukraine Charter on Strategic Partnership”

its root causes

If the Communist Party’s objective was to take Chinese tech down a peg and neutralise a perceived rival power centre, it has succeeded in spades.

if Mr Liu’s conciliatory message was intended to signal displeasure with the cac’s recent heavy-handedness, or instead to praise the agency for having done a good job.

The agency declared that the “rectification” of large Chinese technology companies would soon come to a close.

by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security,

Human security does not entail the threat or the use of force or coercive measures. Human security does not replace State security;

recognizes the interlinkages between peace, development and human rights, and equally considers civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights;

3. Agrees that human security is an approach to assist Member States in identifying and addressing widespread and cross-cutting challenges to the survival, livelihood and dignity of their people. Based on this, a common understanding on the notion of human security includes the following: (a) The right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair. All individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential;

     3.         Agrees  that  human  security  is  an  approach  to  assist  Member  States  in  identifying  and  addressing  widespread  and  cross-cutting  challenges  to  the  survival,  livelihood  and  dignity  of  their  people.  Based  on  this,  a  common  understanding  on  the notion of human security includes the following:   (a)    The right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair. All individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential;

The pandemic further exposed the gender digital divide, showing that women and girls are at a dis-advantage in digital skills,

Inequalities in access to digital technologies have widened inequalities in education during the Covid-19 pandemic, as the reliance on digital technologies for education has grown.

both the potential benefits and potential threats of technol-ogy for children, but the effects are unequal.

Some digital technologies can facilitate illicit eco-nomic transactions and tax evasion, as they allow for anonymity and untraceable transactions.

Examples of these institutional arrangements are open-source platforms for software applications (such as Apache Hadoop, Nginx and Github), accessi-ble by digital and nondigital firms at zero cost. Many firms and developers use Github, an open-source re-pository of tools, software and application programs.

Digital labour platforms have given rise to an infor-mal labour force, in developed and developing coun-tries, creating new forms of insecurity in the world of work

web-based platforms

Digital labour management is transforming the world of work

in digital social networks can diminish people’s wellbeing.

quantum com-puters have considerable computing power and can revolutionize whole fields that require such power. But they could also be used to crack encryption al-gorithms of internet sites

Digital technologies are altering the dynamics of conflict.

new technolo-gies may serve as digital public goods,

cited technological risks—such as digital inequality, cy-berattacks, data fraud and theft, and concentrated digital power—among the most imminent threats.

can also affect agency directly

horizontal inequalities.

But efforts remain largely compartmentalized, dealing separately with climate change, biodiversity loss, conflicts, migration, refugees, pandemics and data protection.

Figure 1.4 Where human security is higher, trust tends to be higher, regardless of satisfaction with one’s financial situation

fewer than 1 in 7 people at the global level feel secure or relatively secure.

not only by meeting basic metabolic needs but also by individual aspi-rations and relative assessments of what people in a community are expected to achieve.

but also from stigma.

Dignity.

beliefs are important elements influ-encing people’s choices, values and commitments.

fear, want and dig-nity

a consensus that human security would be considered, “The right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair. All individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential.”7

Human security is about living free from want, free from fear and free from indignity.

The chapter identifies the neglect of agency as a major blind spot and suggests making agency a central focus of atten-tion for decisionmakers.

gency (the ability to hold values and make commitments, regardless of whether they advance one’s wellbeing, and to act ac-cordingly in making one’s own choices or in partici-pating in collective decisionmaking) lies at the core of this framework (figure 4)

to systematically consider the interdependence across all people and between people and the planet.

Digital technologies can help meet many of the Anthropocene challenges,

It highlighted the close connection among security, de-velopment and the protection and empowerment of individuals and communities.

has neglected our embedded-ness in nature

we confront biodiversity losses and threats to key ecosystems, from tropical forests to the oceans

have produced stark and grow-ing inequalities and destabilizing and dangerous planetary change.

And the HDI, adjusted for Covid-19, had yet to recover about five years of progress, according to new simulations (figure 2

unprecedented heights on the Human Development Index (HDI).

the Anthropocene—a term pro-posed to describe the era in which humans have become central drivers of planetary change, radically altering the earth’s biosphere—people have good reason to feel inse-cure.

after a shell hit the ninth f

an article accusing Russian prosecutors of intimidating

n the besieged city of Mariupol, more than

The $1 billion "Arctic Connect" project for a cable linking Helsinki to Tokyo across Russia's north remains on hold.

The cable link, due to be completed in 2026, will pass 12,650 kilometres (7,860 miles) over Russia's long northern coast from the village of Teriberka, on the Barents Sea, to the far eastern port of Vladivostok.

a new, minimal, multistakeholder mechanism,

the moral imperatives

unintended consequences or collateral damage.

in the face of humanitarian crises.

in standards-intensive areas such as for AI, cybersecurity, data, portability and IoT.”

“A new High-Level Forum

Breton pointed to the example of Galileo, the EU-sponsored navigation system that applied to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to access smartphone applications. However, the application was rejected “due to influence from other players.”

identifying strategic areas for the EU agenda on the green and digital transitions, with chips certification and data standards explicitly mentioned as cases in point.

that position has been challenged by American and Chinese companies, which have taken over the majority of votes even inside European standardisation organisations.

Global Digital Foundation

to put standards at the heart of European economic success and societal progress,”

can entail prohibitive costs, regulators worldwide have increasingly looked at the strategic nature of the standard-setting process.

Industry standards allow companies to reduce the compliance costs with legislative requirements, for example, Wi-Fi frequencies, and enable the interoperability of products and services, such as the USB ports for laptops and charges.

There were many views as to how long the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 would take, from an optimistic six-month rapid cutover to a hopelessly pessimistic view of a protracted ten-year transition.

A.Knowledge reuse and retention

Figure1-Data, information, knowledge: conceptual differences

establish norms and procedures for the retention and transfer of knowledge

knowledge management skills and knowledge-sharingabilities in their respective staff performance appraisal systems

should develop knowledge management strategiesand policies

Severing ties with Russian network operators could still degrade data-intensive video services. Cogent generates a large share of its revenue by moving data for streaming-video customers like Netflix Inc.

Cogent commands a powerful position as a network operator and estimates that at times it carries up to a quarter of the data crossing the global internet. It is among a small group of operators that handle unusually high volumes of international traffic.

On the other hand, current AI systems are very sensitive to edge cases, situations that they haven’t encountered during training.

The division of labor between System 1 and System 2 is nature’s solution to creating a balance between speed and accuracy, learning and execution.

System 2, on the other hand, is the slow and meticulous type of decision-making that requires logic, rational thinking, and concentration, such as solving complex mathematical equations, playing chess, or walking on a narrow ledge.

System 1 is fast, implicit, intuitive, and imprecise.

specific

relied on real experience

what is vital is offering content that makes it easier for people to decide what product to buy.

gives this little blurb a ton of context

The page’s placement on the SERP highlights the demand for content that helps the user know how to go about buying something and what to look for. It’s the kind of intent that we’ve seen Google call for on review pages

a page that guides you through home theater systems, specifically wireless ones. Along the way, there are product recommendations and ultimately, offers for a series of systems they also recommend that you buy. 

only half of the page is entirely relevant to query. 

Intent. 

that speaks more closely to the user’s intent might be even better

you get the sense that the author has listened to the speaker personally and is basing the assessment off of real use.

Having all of the right elements on the page, from comparative charts to boxes listing pros and cons, is not beneficial unless the content within those elements is substantial and helpful.

it was one massive comprehensive blog post-like piece of content built on other massively informative and expertly created pieces of content. 

Google knows when you add page elements for the sake of some SEO checklist vs for the sake of the reader.

he numerous grievances Russia’s l

It all comes down to human choices.

A brief attempt at independence was quickly crushed by the Red Army that re-established Russian rule.

Maybe the law of the jungle is a choice rather than an inevitability?

The first and most obvious result of a return to the law of the jungle would be a sharp increase in military spending at the expense of everything else.

the fact that it stems from human choice also means that it is reversible.

It resulted from humans making better choices. It is arguably the greatest political and moral achievement of modern civilisation.

In recent decades governments around the world have felt safe enough to spend an average of only about 6.5% of their budgets on their armed forces, while spending far more on education, health care and welfare.

meant only “the temporary absence of war”.

in the first two decades of the 21st century human violence has killed fewer people than suicide, car accidents or obesity-related diseases. Gunpowder has become less lethal than sugar.

In the past few generations, however, for the first time in history the world became dominated by elites who see war as both evil and avoidable.

wheat fields and oil wells, today the main source of wealth is knowledge.

the so-called law of the jungle isn’t a natural law at all.

One school

ven fought a brief border war. By contrast, Mr Putin has enlisted Beijing in the effort to oppose NATO enlargement.

offered one another s

He likes to demonstrate

Embody a European digital sovereignty, that is to say a real strategic autonomy based on a capacity for action and choice:

Build a digital regulatory framework based on multilateral and multi-stakeholder dialogue

to become a Common

to transform their practices and values into de facto standards

The Foreign Policy Strategy 2020–23 defines the basic principles for digital foreign policy and sets out the vision of a free, open and secure digital space.

Below are the 9 indicators and requirements that determine if nominated software, data, AI models, standards and/or content can be considered a DPG.

open-source software, open data, open AI models, open standards, and open content that adhere to privacy and other applicable best practices

Elon Musk responds to Russia’s International Space Station threat

The fact that Putin has invaded Ukraine emphasises the limitations of cyber weapons.

Microsoft’s Digital Defense Report, published last October, attributed 58 per cent of all known nation state cyber attacks to Russia over the previous year.

Elliptic’s Robinson, however, noted creative uses of crypto countries under sanction. He said Iran has been able to put its oil reserves to use by repurposing it to mine energy-intensive crypto, potentially salvaging hundreds of millions of dollars. “Cryptocurrency mining provides a way for Russia to monetize its oil and gas reserves on the global market even if it isn’t able to physically export them,” he said.

Some Russian figures are also urging more internal oversight of cryptocurrency. In a televised meeting with Putin on Thursday, Alexander Shokhin, the head of the business group the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, made the case to the Russian leader that for the sake of “minimization of external financial risks,” the government should “institute effective regulation of digital financial assets and cryptocurrency."

The Biden administration has been leaning on the crypto industry to take its own steps to block and report sanctioned entities. The Treasury Department in October published guidance reminding crypto companies that they are responsible for policing their own platforms and that slip-ups could lead to “enforcement actions … and negative impacts on a company’s reputation and business.”

And U.S. authorities have demonstrated a growing sophistication in tracking and seizing illicit crypto funds, a fact that could further deter Russian interests looking for ways to evade the wave of new sanctions.

Crowdfunding for global causes is not new, but crypto makes it easier to transfer the funds, which are not subject to the same hurdles as traditional bank transfers.

Chainalysis ranks Ukraine as the top European adopter of cryptocurrency and the fourth biggest in the world.

“Because there is no central controller who can impose their morals on its user, crypto can be used to crowdfund for the Ukrainian army or help Russia evade sanctions,”

But the world in which such a war is possible has been forged jointly by Russia and the United States, starting twenty-three years ago.

International law allows military action under two scenarios: if a nation or nations are acting in self-defense, or if they have the sanction of the U.N. Security Council. Yet some scholars have argued that the Kosovo air war was legal. A paper published in Parameters, the quarterly publication of the U.S. Army War College, in 2000 proposed a sort of “natural law” justification for the war; a memo submitted to the British Parliament by a law professor at the London School of Economics argued, in effect, that the war was legitimate even in the absence of Security Council approval. “You will still find a substantial number of legal scholars who will say, ‘We should recognize that international law is not a straitjacket,’ ” Douglas told me. “But if the law is only a recommendation, then it’s not law. ‘Laws apply to them but not to us’ is not the way a legal regime works. The air war in Kosovo made international law look like a farce. It applies only to the weak.”

“There was no way Carla Del Ponte was going to bring charges against the very nations that were funding the I.C.T.Y.,” Douglas said. “If she did, the U.S. and Great Britain could have just pulled the plug on the tribunal.”

 ‘War of humanitarian intervention’ is such a bizarre term that it can be used to justify any kind of aggression,” he said.)

Primakov had his plane turned around over the Atlantic and returned to Moscow.

“It’s impossible to imagine air raids in Kyiv.” Before I could catch myself, I blurted out, “Like it was once impossible to imagine air raids of Belgrade.”

it’s always hard to imagine war.

The test of policy is how it ends, not how it begins.

Understanding U.S. values and psychology are not his strong suits. Nor has understanding Russian history and psychology been a strong point of U.S. policymakers.

They represent the two wings of Ukraine and have not been willing to share power. A wise U.S. policy toward Ukraine would seek a way for the two parts of the country to cooperate with each other. We should seek reconciliation, not the domination of a faction.

Even such famed dissidents as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Joseph Brodsky insisted that Ukraine was an integral part of Russian history and, indeed, of Russia.

But if Ukraine is to survive and thrive, it must not be either side’s outpost against the other — it should function as a bridge between them.

[Pro] Automatically populate map from tags or categories

Lines connecting markers

if you can’t throw rules at a problem, then try throwing money at it!

where significant parts of its internal digital infrastructure and being operated by foreign-owned and controlled enterprises.

The reason why ISPs run DNS resolvers is perhaps because this is what ISPs have always done.

with the .CZ registry, CZ.NIC, who has funded the development of the KNOT resolver (and server)

Perhaps the EU folk have been looking at CIRA’s Canadian Shield DNS resolver (https://www.cira.ca/cybersecurity-services/canadian-shield) where the .CA registry has launched an open DNS resolver service.

the reference to potential cybersecurity benefits

to provide a DNS resolution service that is able to comply with the various content regulations in the EU by blocking the resolution of certain DNS names.

to address the consolidation of DNS resolution in the hands of a few companies,

DNS4EU is the name of a European Union initiative intended to exert more control over the DNS within Europe, aimed specifically at the current level of use of open resolvers in the EU