Cogent commands a powerful position as a network operator and estimates that at times it carries up to a quarter of the data crossing the global internet. It is among a small group of operators that handle unusually high volumes of international traffic.

On the other hand, current AI systems are very sensitive to edge cases, situations that they haven’t encountered during training.

The division of labor between System 1 and System 2 is nature’s solution to creating a balance between speed and accuracy, learning and execution.

System 2, on the other hand, is the slow and meticulous type of decision-making that requires logic, rational thinking, and concentration, such as solving complex mathematical equations, playing chess, or walking on a narrow ledge.

System 1 is fast, implicit, intuitive, and imprecise.

specific

relied on real experience

what is vital is offering content that makes it easier for people to decide what product to buy.

gives this little blurb a ton of context

The page’s placement on the SERP highlights the demand for content that helps the user know how to go about buying something and what to look for. It’s the kind of intent that we’ve seen Google call for on review pages

a page that guides you through home theater systems, specifically wireless ones. Along the way, there are product recommendations and ultimately, offers for a series of systems they also recommend that you buy. 

only half of the page is entirely relevant to query. 

Intent. 

that speaks more closely to the user’s intent might be even better

you get the sense that the author has listened to the speaker personally and is basing the assessment off of real use.

Having all of the right elements on the page, from comparative charts to boxes listing pros and cons, is not beneficial unless the content within those elements is substantial and helpful.

it was one massive comprehensive blog post-like piece of content built on other massively informative and expertly created pieces of content. 

Google knows when you add page elements for the sake of some SEO checklist vs for the sake of the reader.

Instead of relying on foreign supply chains, let’s make it in America.

harms of social media. As Frances Haugen, who is here tonight with us, has shown, we must hold social media platforms accountable for the national experiment they’re conducting on our children for profit. Folks — thank you. Thank you for the courage you showed. It’s time to strengthen privacy protections; ban targeted advertising to children; demand tech companies stop collecting personal data on our children

third

fourth

Second

First

by shipping jobs and factories overseas

cut the cost of prescription drugs

Look, economists call this increasing the productive capacity of our economy.

I think I have a better idea to fight inflation: Lower your costs, not your wages. And, folks, that means make more cars and semiconductors in America, more infrastructure and innovation in America, more goods moving faster and cheaper in America, more jobs where you can earn a good living in America

GM is making the largest investment in its history — $7 billion to build electric vehicles, creating 4,000 jobs in Michigan.

Companies are choosing to build new factories here when just a few years ago, they would have gone overseas. That’s what is happening. Ford is investing $11 billion in electric vehicle

Some of the most sophisticated manufacturing in the world to make computer chips the size of a fingertip that power the world and everyday lives, from smartphones, technology that — the Internet — technology that’s yet to be invented.

That’s where Intel, the American company that helped build Silicon Valley, is going to build a $20 billion semiconductor “mega site.” Up to eight state-of-the-art factories in one place. Ten thousand new jobs. And in those factories, the average job — about $135 — $135,000 a year.

But, folks, to compete for the jobs of the future, we also need to level the playing field with China and other competitors. That’s why it’s so important to pass the bipartisan Innovation Act sitting in Congress that will make record investments in emerging technologies and American manufacturing.

And look, it’s going to — it’s going to transform America to put us on a path to win the economic competition of the 21st century that we face with the rest of the world, particularly China.

AI strategy and Policy

arely speaks about AI,

unemployment and inequalities.

sectors in which the introduction of AI is more palpable?

citizen privacy

political repression

big countries

Social Dilemma' Netflix

digital policy issue

digital governance

governance

governed

Is the old-real vs new-cyber debate still relevant?

in addition to land, water, and air (NATO, 2016).

Discussions

organisation

approach

fragmentation of its underlying infrastructure and services

centralisation or decentralisation

fourth military operational domain

Balance

liability

broader approach

advanced

without specific indications on how a rule should apply, the implementation of such rules can create additional challenges.

compatible with the global nature of the internet

14:00

he numerous grievances Russia’s l

It all comes down to human choices.

A brief attempt at independence was quickly crushed by the Red Army that re-established Russian rule.

Maybe the law of the jungle is a choice rather than an inevitability?

The first and most obvious result of a return to the law of the jungle would be a sharp increase in military spending at the expense of everything else.

the fact that it stems from human choice also means that it is reversible.

It resulted from humans making better choices. It is arguably the greatest political and moral achievement of modern civilisation.

In recent decades governments around the world have felt safe enough to spend an average of only about 6.5% of their budgets on their armed forces, while spending far more on education, health care and welfare.

meant only “the temporary absence of war”.

in the first two decades of the 21st century human violence has killed fewer people than suicide, car accidents or obesity-related diseases. Gunpowder has become less lethal than sugar.

In the past few generations, however, for the first time in history the world became dominated by elites who see war as both evil and avoidable.

wheat fields and oil wells, today the main source of wealth is knowledge.

the so-called law of the jungle isn’t a natural law at all.

One school

ven fought a brief border war. By contrast, Mr Putin has enlisted Beijing in the effort to oppose NATO enlargement.

offered one another s

He likes to demonstrate

Embody a European digital sovereignty, that is to say a real strategic autonomy based on a capacity for action and choice:

Build a digital regulatory framework based on multilateral and multi-stakeholder dialogue

to become a Common

to transform their practices and values into de facto standards

The Foreign Policy Strategy 2020–23 defines the basic principles for digital foreign policy and sets out the vision of a free, open and secure digital space.

prioritise novel drug

Below are the 9 indicators and requirements that determine if nominated software, data, AI models, standards and/or content can be considered a DPG.

open-source software, open data, open AI models, open standards, and open content that adhere to privacy and other applicable best practices

Glad to

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confidential.

ice to meet you!

epicting left-pointed arrow

Stories represent training data to teach your assistant what it should do next.

customer support logs, assuming data collection & re-use is covered in your privacy policy, or user conversations with your assistant.

user generated text as well as conversational patterns.

domain.yml is the configuration file of everything that your assistant "knows". It contains:

The data folder contains data that your assistant will learn from.

The config.yml file contains the configuration for your machine learning models.

The domain.yml file is the file where everything comes together.

This can be rule based, in which case we may be using a Regex or it can be based on a neural network. Rasa comes with a neural network architecture, called DIET, that sorts texts into intents and entities based on examples it's been provided.

governance frameworks

Elon Musk responds to Russia’s International Space Station threat

The fact that Putin has invaded Ukraine emphasises the limitations of cyber weapons.

Microsoft’s Digital Defense Report, published last October, attributed 58 per cent of all known nation state cyber attacks to Russia over the previous year.

Elliptic’s Robinson, however, noted creative uses of crypto countries under sanction. He said Iran has been able to put its oil reserves to use by repurposing it to mine energy-intensive crypto, potentially salvaging hundreds of millions of dollars. “Cryptocurrency mining provides a way for Russia to monetize its oil and gas reserves on the global market even if it isn’t able to physically export them,” he said.

Some Russian figures are also urging more internal oversight of cryptocurrency. In a televised meeting with Putin on Thursday, Alexander Shokhin, the head of the business group the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, made the case to the Russian leader that for the sake of “minimization of external financial risks,” the government should “institute effective regulation of digital financial assets and cryptocurrency."

The Biden administration has been leaning on the crypto industry to take its own steps to block and report sanctioned entities. The Treasury Department in October published guidance reminding crypto companies that they are responsible for policing their own platforms and that slip-ups could lead to “enforcement actions … and negative impacts on a company’s reputation and business.”

And U.S. authorities have demonstrated a growing sophistication in tracking and seizing illicit crypto funds, a fact that could further deter Russian interests looking for ways to evade the wave of new sanctions.

Crowdfunding for global causes is not new, but crypto makes it easier to transfer the funds, which are not subject to the same hurdles as traditional bank transfers.

Chainalysis ranks Ukraine as the top European adopter of cryptocurrency and the fourth biggest in the world.

“Because there is no central controller who can impose their morals on its user, crypto can be used to crowdfund for the Ukrainian army or help Russia evade sanctions,”

But the world in which such a war is possible has been forged jointly by Russia and the United States, starting twenty-three years ago.

International law allows military action under two scenarios: if a nation or nations are acting in self-defense, or if they have the sanction of the U.N. Security Council. Yet some scholars have argued that the Kosovo air war was legal. A paper published in Parameters, the quarterly publication of the U.S. Army War College, in 2000 proposed a sort of “natural law” justification for the war; a memo submitted to the British Parliament by a law professor at the London School of Economics argued, in effect, that the war was legitimate even in the absence of Security Council approval. “You will still find a substantial number of legal scholars who will say, ‘We should recognize that international law is not a straitjacket,’ ” Douglas told me. “But if the law is only a recommendation, then it’s not law. ‘Laws apply to them but not to us’ is not the way a legal regime works. The air war in Kosovo made international law look like a farce. It applies only to the weak.”

“There was no way Carla Del Ponte was going to bring charges against the very nations that were funding the I.C.T.Y.,” Douglas said. “If she did, the U.S. and Great Britain could have just pulled the plug on the tribunal.”

 ‘War of humanitarian intervention’ is such a bizarre term that it can be used to justify any kind of aggression,” he said.)

Primakov had his plane turned around over the Atlantic and returned to Moscow.

“It’s impossible to imagine air raids in Kyiv.” Before I could catch myself, I blurted out, “Like it was once impossible to imagine air raids of Belgrade.”

it’s always hard to imagine war.

The test of policy is how it ends, not how it begins.

Understanding U.S. values and psychology are not his strong suits. Nor has understanding Russian history and psychology been a strong point of U.S. policymakers.

They represent the two wings of Ukraine and have not been willing to share power. A wise U.S. policy toward Ukraine would seek a way for the two parts of the country to cooperate with each other. We should seek reconciliation, not the domination of a faction.

Even such famed dissidents as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Joseph Brodsky insisted that Ukraine was an integral part of Russian history and, indeed, of Russia.

But if Ukraine is to survive and thrive, it must not be either side’s outpost against the other — it should function as a bridge between them.

annotations

3-4 textus annotations.

cmaundu@gmail.com

This playlist contains a series of videos that will help you get started with NLP. It was originally hosted on Youtube but we've since also moved it to our learning center.

Here's a basic example of what a config.yml file might look like.

Citation

decency in the work of journalists

ethical behavior is the main one in the history of the media. Hundreds of self-regulation rules have been developed for the media around the world (more than 400 codes of ethics for journalists alone have been adopted in the world) - most contain universal rules for checking, verifying information and working with sources. One of the main ones is the Code of Ethics adopted in 2014 by the American Association of Professional Journalists: its preamble contains rules governing both formal journalism (the work of TV channels, Internet resources, print media) and "new media" - bloggers, operating on the platforms Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Telegram, etc. The very first principle contained in the preamble of the code is "seek the truth and report it."

US National Security Council spokeswoman Emily Horn emphasized the untruthfulness of the message: " Anonymous sources are leaking lies ."

I am the president of Ukraine, I am here, and I think I know the details better than any president " (a reference to Joseph Biden, who at that moment stated that "an attack is likely in any moment").

The media field is a new battlefield, news is a new weapon, and any messages, especially those based on anonymous sources, have a real and great impact on our people, on their psyche, on our state, especially on our economy

And, of course, this did not add confidence to either Ukrainian citizens or the national economy.

On the one hand, the narratives circulated by the media in the US and Britain (as well as their German, French, even Ukrainian counterparts) were supposedly dictated by good intentions: to show the cards at some stage could mean "stop and prevent". On the other hand, this clearly did not meet Ukrainian interests: Ukraine began to lose money from panic.

but in such a volume (dozens of publications for each media) and such a tone (“Kyiv will be plundered”),

disable

intellectual prope

You are expected to make three to four textus annotations

[Pro] Automatically populate map from tags or categories

Lines connecting markers

if you can’t throw rules at a problem, then try throwing money at it!

where significant parts of its internal digital infrastructure and being operated by foreign-owned and controlled enterprises.

The reason why ISPs run DNS resolvers is perhaps because this is what ISPs have always done.

with the .CZ registry, CZ.NIC, who has funded the development of the KNOT resolver (and server)

Perhaps the EU folk have been looking at CIRA’s Canadian Shield DNS resolver (https://www.cira.ca/cybersecurity-services/canadian-shield) where the .CA registry has launched an open DNS resolver service.

the reference to potential cybersecurity benefits

to provide a DNS resolution service that is able to comply with the various content regulations in the EU by blocking the resolution of certain DNS names.

to address the consolidation of DNS resolution in the hands of a few companies,

DNS4EU is the name of a European Union initiative intended to exert more control over the DNS within Europe, aimed specifically at the current level of use of open resolvers in the EU

OpenDNS is used extensively in Cyprus and Malta.

There is a strong preference to use the ISP’s provided DNS resolution service in Belgium, Estonia, Italy, and Slovenia, where more than 90% of the samples show that the local resolver is being used.

The use of open DNS resolvers in the EU is slightly less than the internet-wide average.

It is also worth noting that the open resolver metrics have a visible weekday/weekend variance.

Some 20% of the Internet’s user population use an open resolver to resolve names, which is an unexpectedly high number.

If the DNS lookup could be transformed into a search engine, then this would represent a direct threat to their business, and in performing NXDOMAIN substitution, this was exactly what some ISPs were doing.

it also should be observed that Google had a strong commercial motive to enter this space.

he idea is that the open resolver may not be operating in the same regulatory or legal framework as the client and the client’s ISP and may be able to resolve DNS names that would otherwise be proscribed.

Perhaps the Swiss domicile of Quad9 made Quad9 a more appealing target for German legal action.

IPR interests associated with Sony Music Germany bought a suit against the open DNS resolver provider Quad9 in a German court. The court ruled that Quad9 must block the resolution of a domain name of a website in Ukraine that itself does not hold copyright infringing material, but instead contains pointers to another website that is reported to hold alleged copyright infringements.

The motives for these blocking lists are varied and include attempting to curtail the propagation of malware, disrupt the command-and-control channels of co-opted zombie attack bot armies, censor offensive content and protect rights holders from efforts to infringe their intellectual property rights.

The DNS has become fodder for various national regimes to both observe their citizens and to impose controls on their online activities.

the DNS resolvers’ query logs had considerable value, despite the somewhat disturbing privacy issues.

operators of these recursive resolvers were privy to large volumes of useful and timely information about user behavior, and in an Internet economy that is increasingly defined by surveillance capitalism, this is extremely valuable information.

the role of operating these recursive resolvers to the local Internet Service Provider (ISP).

We distinguished between the DNS servers that handled queries for applications running in end hosts, so called stub resolvers at the edge of the network, and recursive resolvers, which are DNS servers that assist a collection of stub resolvers by acting as their agent and performing the distributed database queries for them.

the DNS as an essential facilitator in every network transaction, the DNS really is the most critical component of the Internet’s infrastructure these days.

Few services currently operate independently of the Internet, and perhaps more significantly, most services are critically reliant on the Internet.

as if Europe is over on the exploited side of the techno-colonial landscape, rather than being one of the exploiters.

many nations may have already adopted the position that they are too small to take on today’s digital behemoths and declare independence and self-sufficiency (in the sense of eliminating their dependence on them).

It appears that the DNS is the only remaining part left of the “glue” that holds the Internet together and is now the defining medium of what is “the Internet.”

Some Thoughts on DNS4EU – the European Commission’s Intention to Support the Development of a New European DNS Resolver

The internet was not constructed as an amalgam of various national networks but was conceived and constructed as a single artifact that had never integrated such geopolitical concepts into its internal architecture.

to mitigate this level of foreign dependence in our digital infrastructure to some very small extent.

This topic raises a whole set of uncomfortable questions about the level of interdependence within the digital landscape and the vulnerabilities presented by this.

The last time European-domiciled enterprises were included in this top ten list was in late 2015, when the Swiss Pharmaceutical corporation, Novartis, and the Swiss food and drink enterprise Nestlé were both listed in this top 10.

The European industrial giants of the old telephone world, such as the former stalwarts Alcatel, Siemens, Philips, Ericsson and Nokia, have found it extraordinarily difficult to translate their former dominant positions in the telco world into the Internet world.

AI solutions

Measuring the impact

chat room or via Zoom

21 guidelines for the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.

LEO, the area of outer space around Earth that includes all orbits below 2,000km, andis the home of the International Space Station and of thousands of other satellites,is rapidly becoming a hazardous area due tospace debris and inoperable spacecraft orbiting at very high speeds.

to agree on and implement norms of responsible behaviour in outer space by state and non-state actors.

“new space”4

STM

STM as themeansand rules to access, conduct activities in, and return from outer space safely, sustainably and securely.

The EU already promotes a multilateral approach to ensure the preservation of the long-term safety and sustainability of activities in outer space, with the objective of reducing threats and risks for all space systems

a globally shared resource

Space Traffic Management (STM)

Should for instance the provision of EU global Positioning, Navigation, Timing(PNT)and Earth Observation data and services be interrupted or severely compromised, this would have a direct impact upon the security, safety, economy, and well-being of European citizens, therefore limiting our freedom of action

more common in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) as the number of satellites increases due to the proliferation of mega-constellations.

: if we do not find ways to manage space traffic, our past and present space activities will jeopardise the safety, security and sustainability of outer space and, as a result, our future ability to rely on space as enabler of key services in benefit of humankind.

An EU Approach for Space Traffic Management An EU contribution addressing a global challenge

h tested its longest-range ballistic missile since 2017, when it twice flew intermediate-range ballistic missiles over Japan and, separately, three interconti