to implement new safeguards

ware code. The idea itself is not protected by copyright. In practice, however, it is sometimes difficult to make a clear distinction between an idea and its expression.

the Online Dispute Resolution platform, i

The centrality of agency in human security strategies in the Anthropocene context

The pandemic further exposed the gender digital divide, showing that women and girls are at a dis-advantage in digital skills,

Inequalities in access to digital technologies have widened inequalities in education during the Covid-19 pandemic, as the reliance on digital technologies for education has grown.

both the potential benefits and potential threats of technol-ogy for children, but the effects are unequal.

Some digital technologies can facilitate illicit eco-nomic transactions and tax evasion, as they allow for anonymity and untraceable transactions.

Examples of these institutional arrangements are open-source platforms for software applications (such as Apache Hadoop, Nginx and Github), accessi-ble by digital and nondigital firms at zero cost. Many firms and developers use Github, an open-source re-pository of tools, software and application programs.

Digital labour platforms have given rise to an infor-mal labour force, in developed and developing coun-tries, creating new forms of insecurity in the world of work

web-based platforms

Digital labour management is transforming the world of work

in digital social networks can diminish people’s wellbeing.

quantum com-puters have considerable computing power and can revolutionize whole fields that require such power. But they could also be used to crack encryption al-gorithms of internet sites

Digital technologies are altering the dynamics of conflict.

new technolo-gies may serve as digital public goods,

cited technological risks—such as digital inequality, cy-berattacks, data fraud and theft, and concentrated digital power—among the most imminent threats.

can also affect agency directly

horizontal inequalities.

But efforts remain largely compartmentalized, dealing separately with climate change, biodiversity loss, conflicts, migration, refugees, pandemics and data protection.

Figure 1.4 Where human security is higher, trust tends to be higher, regardless of satisfaction with one’s financial situation

fewer than 1 in 7 people at the global level feel secure or relatively secure.

not only by meeting basic metabolic needs but also by individual aspi-rations and relative assessments of what people in a community are expected to achieve.

but also from stigma.

Dignity.

beliefs are important elements influ-encing people’s choices, values and commitments.

fear, want and dig-nity

a consensus that human security would be considered, “The right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair. All individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential.”7

Human security is about living free from want, free from fear and free from indignity.

The chapter identifies the neglect of agency as a major blind spot and suggests making agency a central focus of atten-tion for decisionmakers.

gency (the ability to hold values and make commitments, regardless of whether they advance one’s wellbeing, and to act ac-cordingly in making one’s own choices or in partici-pating in collective decisionmaking) lies at the core of this framework (figure 4)

to systematically consider the interdependence across all people and between people and the planet.

Digital technologies can help meet many of the Anthropocene challenges,

It highlighted the close connection among security, de-velopment and the protection and empowerment of individuals and communities.

has neglected our embedded-ness in nature

we confront biodiversity losses and threats to key ecosystems, from tropical forests to the oceans

have produced stark and grow-ing inequalities and destabilizing and dangerous planetary change.

And the HDI, adjusted for Covid-19, had yet to recover about five years of progress, according to new simulations (figure 2

unprecedented heights on the Human Development Index (HDI).

the Anthropocene—a term pro-posed to describe the era in which humans have become central drivers of planetary change, radically altering the earth’s biosphere—people have good reason to feel inse-cure.

main remaining question is how to implement existing rules

11. Develop an internal linking strategy

7. Build quality backlinks

China and the others need not lift a finger, one by one the fruits of history will fall into its basket, and the US system will crumble.

All this – all this – will be made impossible by the West’s destructive energy, cold war philosophy, conversion to a kind of war economy, and total lack of positive Realpolitik vision in even a 20-year horizon.

So the future ice-cold war in the world could be between the declining Occident and the rising Orient, to simplify.

More hatred brings satisfaction, inward solidarity and strengthen the sense of shared values. And so who will be the next object of hate?

it is futile to try to have a reasonably trusting relationship with the US, NATO and the EU after this

Terrorist groups of various kinds will undoubtedly feel drawn; I imagine that the terrorist groups that Russia has helped to defeat in Syria will see Ukraine as a golden territory for revenge against Russians.

a de facto war between NATO/EU and Russia.

is to ensure that a war with Russia is fought on European soil, not US soil.

It is called over-extension, and the economy, as in the old Soviet Union, will collapse under this burden.

The US will impose itself militarily and politically on Europe to a perhaps unprecedented extent.

the EU will blame the US for demanding that the EU impose these suffocating sanctions whose human consequences will only affect Europe, not the US.

the focus is now 100% on strangling the Russian economy and effectively collapsing the country like the old Soviet Union.

These poor, innocent people are victims of Western sanctions that were imposed without a time limit.

Nazism could spread precisely because its supporters were seen as heroes in the fight against Russia.

That way this hellishly complex conflict over decades with at least 50 parties can be reduced to issues of one person’s mental health.

What kind of suffocating, very hard, broad, unconditional and unlimited sanctions like those the US and EU – not the UN – have decided can possibly be compatible with international law?

It has broken the promises not to expand NATO an inch, made to Gorbachev in 1989-90. It has set up The Ballistic Missile Defence that deliberately undermines Russia’s ability to respond to a nuclear attack. It has waged war in Yugoslavia, treating both Russia and the UN and international law as inferior.

The boomerangs will come back to us.

“We are coming to get you!” – President Biden said in his State of the Union address.

an orgiastic heat of self-righteousness.

when this collective psychosis, this mass hysteria with a single focus, will end generations from now?

they are being punished because they are Russian.

Germany decides – again without analysis – to immediately rearm up to US$ 112 billion per year. Russia’s is US$ 66 billion!

entirely at the mercy of emotion.

For example, Switzerland and China are working to create favourable conditions for smaller private-sector actors to access the digital market in order to avoid excessive market concentration

International Geneva:

The inclusion of all stakeholders in their respective roles is essential for the development of this digital space.

Security:The security and protection of digital networks are of utmost importance for Switzerland and its interna-tional standing. Switzerland is paying close attention to data security and protection with regard to the emergence of 5G technology and the Internet of Things

for example to what extent the use of technology provided by Chinese firms could endanger Swiss companies’ proprietary knowledge or competitive advantage

Who Makes Foreign Policy in China?Author: Tristan Kenderdine  Date: Fri, 04 Feb 2022

Haystack can also be useful for fallback situations. In cases where the chatbot cannot easily classify the user's utterance into any of its predefined intents, Haystack can be called to help respond to the utterance which the chatbot would otherwise not know how to deal with.

either an information seeking intent from a user or a fallback intent, perform question answering on a large scale database of documents and then compose a well informed answer. Of course, we are going to keep it open source. That's why we'll be using Haystack and Rasa.

It's hard to anticipate all possible "intents" a future user might have.

If the West not only thwarts Moscow on Ukraine’s battlefields, but also does serious, lasting damage to Russia’s economy, it is in effect pushing a great power to the brink. Mr Putin might then turn to nuclear weapons.

that Putin now sees as “akin to a declaration of war”.

Mr Putin may have misjudged Russia’s military capabilities, the effectiveness of the Ukrainian resistance and the scope and speed of the Western response, but one should never underestimate how ruthless great powers can be when they believe they are in dire straits.

Russia demanded a written guarantee that Ukraine would never become a part of NATO and that the alliance remove the military assets it had deployed in eastern Europe since 1997.

the “US-Ukraine Charter on Strategic Partnership”

its root causes

There’s a close intermingling of US foreign policy interests with the IMF.

But capital must come in also to take control of the sources of raw materials. And in the case of Ukraine also take control over the land area. Capital would like to own the entire land of the planet. 

So, I think these countries are going to remain highly indebted and in that sense they would be like Greece. And forever there would be these measures of austerity which will be imposed on the people. That means they will be excluded from the benefits of these loans or whatever. 

Eastern Europe is a part of the latter.

But there are other places where globalization takes the form not of supporting and sustaining and promoting the productive apparatus but rather the productive apparatus gets completely destroyed and of course people then start migrating. 

these are the countries to which a lot of the activities are shifting from the metropolis.

Firstly, it slashed the gas subsidy by half. Therefore gas prices went up for the consumers. Secondly, you know there was a ban on the sale of land area in Ukraine to Big Capital, to foreigners and so on under Yanukovych. And that had been one of the things demanded by the IMF that the ban should go. And immediately when the government came in that ban went. So, you had the opening up of Ukraine, not just Ukrainian resources, but even land area to the penetration of foreign capital, foreign Big Capital.

Prominently, the unwillingness of Yanukovych to cut government subsidies on Ukrainian gas provided to domestic consumers, so the Ukrainian people.

And that is when Yanukovych, who was the President of Ukraine at that time said that, no, this is something which is not possible. So, at that point therefore, IMF ended up deciding that if the conditions are not being met in that case, it’s not going to provide any more loans to Ukraine. That’s when Yanukovych started negotiating with Russia. 

They cannot really pay back that kind of debt particularly when their productive apparatus is not really generating much. 

And that is something where again, you have the emergence of these oligarchs who simply appropriated state property as their own. Now, to some extent in Russia itself there was some check on it that was introduced after Boris Yeltsin left the scene. 

And as far as Russia is concerned, it was for a very long time during the Yeltsin period, virtually run by a group of persons from the United States. In fact, they surrounded Yeltsin and they were the main economic architects of that kind of collapse of the Soviet Union and of Russia. 

So this is really very different from the role that was originally envisaged for it under the Bretton Woods Agreement.

So, so it actually started suggesting an alternative economic regime quite different from the economic regime that either Keynes or Harry Dexter White would have approved of.

But all that was still within the regime.

OK you may have balance of payments problems. A country can get into balance of payments problems. And some of these problems may not be easily solved. In such a case you would have to borrow from an organization and the IMF was meant to be such an organization.

the government’s role in providing education, in providing healthcare, in providing employment, all this must actually be wound up.

the government’s role in the economy on behalf of the people: that means the government’s role in providing subsidies and essential goods whose prices remain low;

to create these enormous cleavages inside the society through its so-called investor-friendly policies.

But what has happened in Russia is the growth of tremendous inequality.

these oligarchic structures that blocked any path to a functioning democracy from the outset,

This and absurd privatization attempts orchestrated by the West paved the way for an oligarchy that was initially hailed by the West as a “private solution” to the structural problem, but which proved fatal for the countries’ development chances.

Probability in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy

This digital experience tool wants to show you why people leave your site.

rage clicks and thrashing mice?

Mouseflow does funnels. This shows you a visitor’s journey from page to page.

It displays things like a visitor’s mouse movements, where they click, and how far down the page they scroll.

Dependence on Russian oil, gas and other raw materials weighs heavily geopolitically.

we can play the role of mediator.

mobilize ourselves alongside the actors of global security policy in order to find solutions to this terrible conflict

Russia has massively violated the prohibition on the use of force, a principle anchored in international law.

Neutrality does not mean indifference.

s not a dogma, it is a flexible instrument of our foreign policy and our security policy.

The Federal Council therefore adopted the EU sanctions in their entirety.

Russian threats to hit NATO military aid convoys to Ukraine could drag in the neighbours and lead to major escalation involving Western forces.

the White House is digging in for a long-term conflict to weaken and destabilise Russia, regardless of how ambitious or limited its war objectives.

By demonising Putin as a “war criminal”, Washington made it clear that it will accept no compromise as long as the Russian leader rules over the Kremlin, and is ready to continue the fight against Russia until the last Ukrainian standing, alas.

If the Communist Party’s objective was to take Chinese tech down a peg and neutralise a perceived rival power centre, it has succeeded in spades.

if Mr Liu’s conciliatory message was intended to signal displeasure with the cac’s recent heavy-handedness, or instead to praise the agency for having done a good job.

The agency declared that the “rectification” of large Chinese technology companies would soon come to a close.

by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security,

Human security does not entail the threat or the use of force or coercive measures. Human security does not replace State security;

recognizes the interlinkages between peace, development and human rights, and equally considers civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights;

3. Agrees that human security is an approach to assist Member States in identifying and addressing widespread and cross-cutting challenges to the survival, livelihood and dignity of their people. Based on this, a common understanding on the notion of human security includes the following: (a) The right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair. All individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential;

     3.         Agrees  that  human  security  is  an  approach  to  assist  Member  States  in  identifying  and  addressing  widespread  and  cross-cutting  challenges  to  the  survival,  livelihood  and  dignity  of  their  people.  Based  on  this,  a  common  understanding  on  the notion of human security includes the following:   (a)    The right of people to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair. All individuals, in particular vulnerable people, are entitled to freedom from fear and freedom from want, with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential;

World Trade Organization

e private sector and technical communities, with their expertise and de facto ownership and control over the majority of infrastructure, services

Judicial institutions and law enforcement authorities

New Zealand, Hong Kong, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Sweden are the countries or regions with the highest growth in AI hiring from 2016 to 2021

In 2021, China continued to lead the world in the number of AI journal, conference, and repository publications

Despite rising geopolitical tensions, the United States and China had the greatest number of cross-country collaborations in AI publications from 2010 to 2021

UN

Single Market

strategy on the military use of AI

keen to be seen

after a shell hit the ninth f

an article accusing Russian prosecutors of intimidating

n the besieged city of Mariupol, more than

CSIRTs)

GFCE

The $1 billion "Arctic Connect" project for a cable linking Helsinki to Tokyo across Russia's north remains on hold.

The cable link, due to be completed in 2026, will pass 12,650 kilometres (7,860 miles) over Russia's long northern coast from the village of Teriberka, on the Barents Sea, to the far eastern port of Vladivostok.

partnerships among stakeholder

Figure 2. Terminology in the field of cybersecurity

multistakeholder deliberation u

appropriate scope of sanctions

Annex: Technical Discussion of Internet Governance Sanction Measures

disallowance of sanctioned personnel from participation in Internet governance, policymaking, or standardization proceedings.

HagueMultistakeholder

open

minimal,

new

call us to action in defense of society,

self-interest of our community’s own direct constituents;

eliberate and make decisions in the face of humanitarian crises

nternet community

has not yet established a process dedicated to this task.

ransition from national to multistakeholder governance.

facilitate

anctions

a new, minimal, multistakeholder mechanism,

The Hague

the moral imperatives

unintended consequences or collateral damage.

in the face of humanitarian crises.

whether the IP addresses and domain names of the Russian military and its propaganda organs should be sanctioned

consensus-driven process

The field_value_factor lets us use the value of an indexed field in the document to impact the document's relevance score. For example, if we had blog articles where we tracked the number of "likes" each received, we could use the value of the "likes" field to increase the score of the most popular articles.

Function scoring is Elasticsearch's toolbox of functions that allows us to manipulate relevance scores beyond what we've already looked at. There are many functions, but let's look at a couple of the most useful for dialing in our top 10 list. Note that you can even write your own custom function if none of the predefined ones work for your situation!

constant_score lets you negate the built-in scoring mechanisms (such as those described in our article on scoring in Elasticsearch) for whatever query or filter it wraps. This lets you match documents with particular characteristics, but be able to manually set the score received for matches by using a boost. If you do not add a boost or you use a boost of 1, then documents that match the characteristics will not have their scores affected by the match. If you set a boost higher than 1, then the document's relevance score will be raised accordingly.

The boosting query type lets us use a negative boost to downgrade documents where certain terms are matched that we believe will cause the document to less relevant. For example, someone searching for "pumps" in a catalog might mean the tool, not the women's shoe. We could use a boosting query to retrieve all documents where there was a match for "pumps", but then give a negative boost to the ones containing terms like "shoes" or "heels".

When using a query type that is looking for matches in more than one field, you can boost the weight of matches found in specific fields. For example, you can specify a field boost of 2 for the "title" field to indicate that matches found in the title are always twice as relevant as matches from other fields.

Beyond the built-in mechanisms, there are tools we can choose to apply at query time to affect a document's relevance score.

boolean query types take the hierarchical structure of the query and the number of conditionals into consideration when calculating the relevance score for matched documents. For the dismax query type, additionally the combination of term-field matches will impact the relevancy score. So, depending on the query type you choose and how you structure it, the Practical Scoring Function will be applied somewhat differently

How do you combat the sharding effect? There are a couple different ways. Document routing: You can use document routing to make sure documents from a single index all go to the same shard by using the value of a specified field. This assumes that your searches will be performed against a single index or on multiple indexes that live on the same shard. You'll want to use the routing field in your search request as well as at index time. Search type: Search type lets you specify an order of events you want the search to perform. For this situation the "dfs_query_then_fetch" will solve our problem. It will query all the shards to get the frequencies distributed across them, then perform the calculations on the matching documents.

Compose Elasticsearch deployments include 5 shards automatically. When we indexed our documents, we didn't make any specification about how sharding should be applied so the documents got doled out evenly across each of the shards - 50 documents on each of our 5 shards = 250 documents.

All else being equal, a document found on a shard with more total documents would be scored lower than a document on a shard with less total documents. A document found on a shard with more additional matching documents would be scored lower than one found on a shard with lower or no additional matching documents. Not so good.

We actually have two sets of details - one for the query weight and one for the field weight

Note that term frequency, inverse document frequency, and field-length normalization are stored for each document at index time.

It can also be used to boost a particular index if you're searching across multiple indexes and want one to have more importance

Query boosting allows us to indicate that some part(s) of the query should be more important than other parts.

Query boost: This is a percentage or absolute number that can be used to boost any query clause at query time.

Index boost: This is a percentage or absolute number used to boost any field at index time.